Cu2+对两种生态型鸭跖草Cu积累和抗氧化酶的影响

在Hoagland培养基中加入CuSO4模拟Cu2 污染环境,比较了不同Cu2 浓度([Cu2 ])对鸭跖草(Commelina communis L.)耐性生态型和敏感生态型的耐性、Cu积累和抗氧化酶[过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)]的影响.结果表明,两种生态型鸭跖草的Cu2 中毒临界浓度和中毒症状有明显的差异,[Cu2 ]≥40祄ol/L时,耐性生态型鸭跖草的耐性明显高于敏感生态型.耐性生态型鸭跖草叶和根中的Cu2 含量都明显高于敏感生态型,根中更为明显.不同生态型甚至同一生态型不同器官的POD、CAT、SOD活性对Cu2 的敏感性不同.一般来说,根对Cu2 的敏感性高于叶;POD活性对Cu2 的敏感性高于CAT和SOD.根比叶在清除丙二醛(MDA)的过程中起更重要作用.耐性生态型鸭跖草叶和根中CAT、POD和SOD活性、叶中MDA的变化并没有与根中MDA含量的变化趋势(大幅增加)保持一致,表明除了抗氧化酶外,可能还存在其他机制影响耐性生态型与敏感生态型鸭跖草在Cu2 耐性上的差异.     

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料对大蒜生长生理的影响

自然环境中的微/纳米塑料污染日趋严重,但纳米塑料对农作物生长的潜在影响尚不清楚.通过营养液培养方式,探讨了粒径为80 nm的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（polystyrene nanoplastics,PS-NPs）对金乡大蒜（Allium sativum L.）叶绿素含量、抗氧化性能和营养品质的影响.结果显示,添加PS-NPs处理的大蒜,其叶片叶绿素含量均显著低于对照组,叶绿素的合成受到抑制.大蒜叶片SOD、APX活性和脯氨酸含量随着PS-NPs质量浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势.10 d处理时大蒜叶片POD活性随PS-NPs质量浓度的增加而上升,但在20 d处理时,各处理组POD活性均受到抑制.大蒜叶片MDA质量摩尔浓度随PS-NPs质量浓度的增加而增加,在ρ（PS-NPs）为100 mg·L^-1处理下,10 d和20 d处理时其含量相比对照分别增加43.24%和89.70%.同时,经ρ（PS-NPs）为100 mg·L^-1胁迫处理10 d后,大蒜叶片可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和维生素C含量均高于对照组,但20 d后,维生素C含量较对照则降低了26.53%.以上结果表明PS-NPs能对大蒜产生较为显著的氧化胁迫效应,且较高质量浓度的PS-NPs胁迫会对大蒜叶片的营养品质产生一定的影响.     

四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对菲律宾蛤仔组织解毒代谢酶活力与DNA损伤的影响

研究了四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)鳃丝和消化盲囊芳烃羟化酶(AHH)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、DNA损伤(F值)的影响.结果表明:BDE-47对菲律宾蛤仔鳃丝和消化盲囊AHH、GST、SOD活力和...     

土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的降解及其对土壤酶活性的影响

邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)是一类在环境中广泛存在的有毒有机化合物,本研究探讨了不同浓度梯度的4种PAEs在土壤中的降解,及其对不同土壤酶活性的影响.用GC-MS法测定土壤溶液中PAEs的浓度,结果表明,土壤中的微生物对PAEs的降解起主要作用,对降解数据拟合发现,PAEs降解符合一级动力学方程,并且碳链越短的酯降解效果越好,降解速率越高.在相对高浓度的PAE30环境中,碳链较长的DnOP的降解效率要低于相对低浓度时的降解率,且在40 d后只能降解73%.采用标准方法测定基质酶的活性,在PAEs加入土壤之后,β-葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶的活性均有变化.磷酸酶的活性先降低后升高,β-葡萄糖苷酶活性缓慢下降,蛋白酶活性先升高后降低,脲酶则呈逐渐升高的趋势.但是随着胁迫时间的延长(20 d后),除了β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性继续降低,其他酶活性都逐渐恢复,并超过了对照组.     

Physiological and biochemical characteristic of Miscanthus × giganteus grown in heavy metal – oil sludge co-contaminated soil

The effect of oil sludge and zinc, present in soil both separately and as a mixture on the physiological and biochemical parameters of Miscanthus × giganteus plant was examined in a pot experiment. The opposite effect of pollutants on the accumulation of plant biomass was established: in comparison with uncontaminated control the oil sludge increased, and Zn reduced the root and shoot biomass. Oil sludge had an inhibitory effect on the plant photosynthetic apparatus, which intensified in the presence of Zn. The specific antioxidant response of M. × giganteus to the presence of both pollutants was a marked increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (mostly owing to oil sludge) and glutathione-S-transferase (mostly owing to zinc) in the shoots. The participation of glutathione-S-transferase in the detoxification of both the organic and the inorganic pollutants was assumed. Zn inhibited the activity of laccase-like oxidase, whereas oil sludge promoted laccase and ascorbate oxidase activities. This finding suggests that these enzymes play a part in the oxidative detoxification of the organic pollutаnt. With both pollutants used jointly, Zn accumulation in the roots increased 6-fold, leading to increase in the efficiency of soil clean-up from the metal. In turn, Zn did not significantly affect the soil clean-up from oil sludge. This study shows for the first time the effect of co-contamination of soil with oil sludge and Zn on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the bioenergetic plant M. × giganteus. The data obtained are important for understanding the mechanisms of phytoremediation with this plant.