新建铁路站区对城市环境噪声影响特征及预测研究

在铁路车站噪声影响中,车站影响区域产生的次生噪声相对于站中心的原生噪声,是城区噪声污染的主要因素。根据不同规模车站区对周边社会及人文景观的影响程度,划分出站区噪声监测范围。通过监测对比分析,发现站中心噪声与车站规模具有显著的正相关关系,而车站影响区噪声值在中小规模车站中,二者有一定的正相关关系,但当车站发展到一定大规模后,影响区内的噪声反而略有下降并趋于平稳。通过分析认为,大规模车站的建立有利于促进周边城市更合理地规划布局。根据车站布局与兴建对城市环境噪声影响的关系,以及站区噪声源变化特点,建立了不同车站规模站区的噪声值预测模型,其预测结果为新建铁路路站在城市中的规划布局,提供了实用的参考依据及有价值的建议。     

基于模糊概率的震害预测模型及其应用

将模糊数学中的模糊概率理论应用于震害预测之中,建立了模糊概率的震害预测模型.并应用此模型对单层砖排架柱厂房进行了震害预测;算例表明,该预测模型概念清晰,计算简单,效果较好.     

自组织临界性研究及其在灾害预测中的应用

自组织临界性为灾害问题的研究开辟了新途径.本文首先介绍了不同级配的散粒体沙堆实验,发现散粒体SOC与粒径的非均匀系数有关.实验表明随着非均匀系数的逐渐增大,散粒体呈现出不同的实验现象和统计结果,并且散粒体系统的动力行为由准周期－SOC－准周期进行演化.由此得出SOC主要由系统的组构特征确定的结论.最后探讨了SOC和准周期两种不同系统的灾害预测的方法,以及SOC理论在灾害防治工程中的应用.     

宁夏汛期地质灾害气象预报预警模型研究

利用近20a宁夏地质灾害及降水资料分析了宁夏地质灾害分布规律,研究了降雨与地质灾害发生的关系,发现连续性降水、短时强降水和暴雨是造成地质灾害的主要气象诱因,并介绍了宁夏汛期地质灾害潜势预报模型及2004年试运行情况.     

干旱预报的研究进展评述

近年来,人们对干旱灾害的预报研究取得了长足的进步.在介绍了干旱分类及其应用指标的基础上,对目前在气象干旱预报、农业干旱预报以及干旱的集成预报方法方面所取得的进展进行了阐述,并讨论了各种预报方法的优缺点以及未来干旱预报的趋势.     

地表变形预测分析--发电厂典型例子研究

通过对地表变形观测数据的分析、拟合及训练,采用人工神经网络方法和数理方法对地表变形的规律及发展趋势进行预测,并与观测数据进行对比分析,得到了较好的结果,为控制地表变形的发展及工程处理提供了可靠依据.     

准确快速科学评估地震灾害及其损失的方法

以江苏省常熟－太仓５．１级地震现场震害评估和经济损失分析工作为基础，结合江苏省地震重点监视防御区震灾快速预测，讨论准确快速科学评估地震灾害及其损失的途径和方法。     

PREDICTIVE ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS BASED ON AGRO-CLIMATIC FACTORS1

ABSTRACT: Past historical evidence indicates that droughts have had great impacts on human life. Drought (or scarcity of water) is assessed based on two key factors, namely, the estimated water demand, and the expected water supply. The formulation of these key factors for a region largely depends on the agro-climatic and economic conditions. Consideration of one such key factor is the relationship between the crop yield and water deficit in the assessment and prediction of agricultural droughts. The varying nature of this relationship from crop to crop adds to the complexity of agricultural drought analysis. To overcome this difficulty in analyzing agricultural droughts of a region, it is adequate to consider and place emphasis on a single crop (i.e., an index crop) grown homogeneously over the major area of the region. From one year to another year, the pattern of water requirement during the growing season of an index crop is rather stationary, and the water supply in arid and semi-arid area is mainly from seasonal random precipitation. In a region, grain yield of the index crop and, in turn, assessment of the severity of drought can reasonably be predicted as a function of the time of crop sowing and the distribution of rainfall, provided that temporal and spatial effects of other contributing factors (crop variety, soil fertility status, crop disease, pest control, cultivation practices etc.) on grain yield are considered to be uniformly distributed (i.e., stable). A predictive method of assessing agricultural droughts in an arid area of western India is presented. The major crop (Pearl Millet) of this region is grown from. July through September. The formulation of the proposed predictive method inherently implies that the grain yield of the main crop is a reliable indicator of agricultural drought. In the development of this predictive relationship (i.e., a regression type model) a number of potential yet simple variables affecting the grain yield in the region were investigated. The soil moisture index, although generally considered significant compared to the simple variables, has been found to account for insignificant variation in the grain yield. Results of our investigations suggest that it would be advisable to exclude the soil moisture index variable from the model. The proposed regression model can be used in the prediction of grain yield of the main crop several months ahead of crop harvesting operations and, in turn, the assessment of agricultural drought severity as mild, moderate, or severe. Such an assessment is expected to be helpful to planners for arranging appropriate measures to effectively combat agricultural drought situations.     

气田开发对水土流失的影响预测──以陕甘宁盆地中部气田开发为例

结合大量的实际调查资料，筛选出影响水土流失的因子，建立了预测水土流失的灰色状态模型；并以此分析了气田开发对水土流失的影响，最后作出了影响预测，并提出了相应的措施与对策。     

菏泽5．9级地震的发震构造及其前兆构造活动

在分析了地震地质、物探、卫片等新的资料的基础上，认为在菏泽地震区地下隐伏着一条北东向深大断裂带。地震区内的解元集—小留集断裂与北面向的成武—定陶断裂构成共轭破裂导致菏泽５．９级地震发生，北东向断裂是其主要的发震构造。由菏泽５．９级地震前沿发震断层的ＭＬ≥３．０级地震震中迁移、震源深度的变化及跨断层形变测量资料表明，发震断层在区域构造应力场的作用下逐步克服障碍，使断层贯通，与此同时在发震构造断层面上，断层上盘向上逆冲，使应力最后集中在两条断层的交汇部位致５．９级地震发生。