Practitioner Perspectives on the Role of Science in Environmental Impact Assessment

A large body of literature addresses the role of science in environmental impact assessment (EIA) but less attention has been given to the views of practitioners themselves. In this research a survey of 31 EIA practitioners in Western Australia was undertaken to determine their perceptions of the quality and importance of science in EIA. The survey results are compared with previous theoretical, empirical, and survey studies of the role of science in EIA. Interview questions addressed the role of science in impact prediction, monitoring activities, mitigation and management, and EIA decision-making. It was clear from the interviews that many practitioners are satisfied with the quality of science currently used in EIA, but do not believe that it is given sufficient importance in the process. The quality and importance of science in the predecision stages of EIA was rated higher than in the postdecision stages. While science was perceived to provide the basis for baseline data collection, impact prediction, and mitigation design, it was seen to be less important during decision-making and ongoing project management. Science was seen to be just one input to decision-makers along with other factors such as sociopolitical and economic considerations. While time and budget constraints were seen to limit the scientific integrity of EIA activities, pressure from the public and regulatory authorities increased it. Improving the scientific component of EIA will require consideration of all these factors, not just the technical issues.     

1983年山东菏泽5.9级地震地下流体前兆异常识别与检验性预测

对1983-11-07山东菏泽5.9级地震前地下流体前兆异常特征进行了识别与研究,分析了菏泽5.9级地震前地下流体前兆异常的阶段性、层次性和同步性特征,利用震前地下流体高频突变异常频次速率和异常频次累加值的变化,采用地下流体层次跟踪震情预测方法对菏泽5.9级地震长期、中期和短临三个时间尺度的震情进行了检验性预测。     

酸雨pH预测的偏最小二乘回归模型

酸雨pH值受酸性离子[SO4^2-]、[NO3^-]和碱性离子[Ca^2 ]、[NH4^ ]等的影响。这些影响因素之间存在多重相关性。用一般最小二乘回归法建模预测pH值，估计参数存在着很大的误差且物理意义明显不足。应用偏最小二乘回归技术建立pH值预测模型，克服了自变量之间的多重相关性的问题，因而更具有先进性，计算结果更为可靠。以我国17个城市pH值预测为例，探讨偏最小二乘法的优势，并与最小二乘回归法进行了比较。     

断层逸出气CO_2的有感小震前兆异常及预报意义

简要介绍了目前国内断层逸出气CO2的主要观测状态与观测方法。给出了苏州地区近4年来5次有感小震群前断层逸出气CO2的前兆异常特征与典型图像,总结了它的灵敏性及其时、空、强的规律性,分析了它的超前时间、异常幅度、有效监测范围等特征及其对地震预报的实际意义。     

采动斜坡变形破坏模式分析及预测

介绍了国内一些学者在这方面的研究方法。考虑地下开采方向与斜坡岩体结构类型的不同组合，探讨了斜坡的变形破坏模式。根据采动斜坡的变形破坏特点，提出可以采用最初用于预测生物增长规律的费尔哈斯特模型来描述斜坡的变形趋势，在对国内某斜坡的预测实践中，发现该模型具有良好的适应性，能够有效的预测采动斜坡的变形趋势。     

PREDICTION OF MASTER RECESSION CURVES AND BASEFLOW RECESSIONS IN THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS OF PUERTO RICO1

ABSTRACT: An analysis of hydrograph recessions and rainfall data was performed to estimate the recession constants for two watersheds in the Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico. To account for seasonal rainfall patterns, the data were grouped into dry and wet seasons. Sets of three Master Recession Curves (MRC) per season for each watershed were developed: one using the Matching Strip Method (MS) and two using variations of the Correlation Method (CM). These variations were the envelope line (CME) and the least squares regression (CMR). Other regression based analytical expressions that consider the streamflow recession as an autore‐gressive or an integrated moving average process were also applied. The regression based methods performed consistently better than the graphical ones and they proved to be faster, easier, and less subjective. The recession constants from these methods were then used to estimate the time it would take the streamflow to reach the critical Q₉₉ flow duration. Based on this study, once the streamflow reaches Q₉₀, water managers have 6 to 12 days warning before streamflow reaches critical levels.     

应用GPS卫星定位系统建设江苏地区高精度地壳形变监测网

提出了应用GPS卫星定位系统建设江苏地区高精度地壳形变监测网方案。旨在通过本项目的研究和实施 ,掌握江苏及其邻近区域的块体运动及块内地壳形变的现状与活动趋势 ,进而为地震预报服务 ,为省内重点工程的选址、施工运行服务。     

一种人因可靠性分析(HRA)方法

从控制论角度说明人因可靠性分析方法，在分析现有两代人因可靠性分析方法不足的基础上，结合控制论，提出了一种新的人因可靠性分析方法的构想。     

基于灰色预测理论的瓦斯传感器自校正技术

笔者提出了将灰色预测理论与单片机技术相结合 ,对瓦斯传感器的非线性进行自校正的新思路 ;采用了灰色预测理论中GM(1,1)模型和单片机技术相结合 ,将预测误差值对传感器的实测值进行分段补偿的方法 ,实现对瓦斯传感器的非线性自校正 ;该方法克服了灰色预测理论对波动较大的随机序列的预测精度低的缺陷。其研究结果表明 ,应用该方法得到的预测值与真值的拟合程度好 ,预测值与真值之间最大的差值为 0 .15 0 1% ,而该处校正前的差值为 0 .30 0 0 % ,提高了传感器的测量精度。     

以人为本的现代工业安全管理

现代生产中发生的意外事故 ,80 %以上是由于人的因素造成的。笔者运用人机工程学和行为科学理论 ,对人的不安全行为和因素进行了深入的归类分析 ;阐述了人因事故预测和预防对策 ;指出工业安全管理应该从人的角度出发 ,系统地建立安全管理体系 ;最后 ,运用系统工程的观点 ,提出了构建以人为本的安全管理体系的结构 ,该体系的实行将能够使现代工业安全管理提高到一个新的水平。