CORRELATION OF SELECTED WELL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS WITH SOIL AND AQUIFER HYDROLOGIC PROPERTIES1

ABSTRACT: The geographical distribution of well water specific electrical conductivity and nitrate levels in a 932 km² ground water quality study area in the Fresno-Clovis, California, indicated that frequently areas of lower ground water salinity were also areas of relatively greater soil and aquifer permeability. From these observations and certain assumptions we hypothesized that the quality of the well water should be better in areas with permeable soils and geological formations. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis supported this hypothesis for well water salinity. However, well water nitrate levels were significantly negatively correlated with only the estimated equivalent specific yield of the aquifer system. The multiple R² values of the most significant multiple linear regression models showed that only a fourth to a third of the variability in well water specific electric conductivity and nitrate levels could be ascribed to the effects of the hydrogeological parameters considered with more than 90 percent confidence. This indicates that three-fourths to two-thirds of the variability in ground water salinity and nitrate levels may be related to land use. Thus, there is considerable room for land use management techniques to improve ground water quality and reduce its variability.     

从网格噪声谈临河城区噪声现状

本文根据“临河城区环境噪声《国标》适用区域的划分报告”对临河市建城区域环境噪声普查结果作了总结；分析了建城区噪声现状，建城区的平均等效声Ｌｅｇ＝５０ｄＢ（Ａ），平均累积百分声级分别为Ｌ１０＝５３ｄＢ（Ａ）、Ｌ５０＿４９ｄＢ（Ａ）、Ｌ９０４６ｄＢ（Ａ）。‘     

区域开发中的生态补偿量化分析--以珠江温泉城为例

区域开发建设会对生态环境造成一定程度的破坏。利用一些简单适用的模型或参数,对珠江温泉城开发中的主要生态因子进行了量化研究,结果表明珠江温泉城水土流失增加、绿量减少、林地的景观优势度降低。依据开发前后的变化结果,确定了补偿其开发应该采取的具体对策。     

天津滨海新区生态系统服务评估及空间分级

采用提出的“功能当量”相对评估模型,并以RS和GIS为技术平台对2009年天津滨海新区生态系统服务功能进行评估,采用区域网格化空间表达,对研究区进行分级研究.结果表明,滨海新区生态系统单位面积服务功能当量大小依次为湿地、水体、林地、草地、耕地、裸地;2009年滨海新区生态系统服务功能当量总和为1068680.13,III级以上功能当量的单元格比例为71.22%,总体处于较高水平;通过与价值量法结果对比,得出利用“功能当量”相对评估模型对研究区的评估结果与价值量法的评估结果具有显著相关性,证明该评估模型的可行性和合理性.     

Estimate of sea loading by pollutants originating from the littoral counties in the Republic of Croatia

The paper reviews the data of 10 yr of following up sewage (waste water) inflows of anthropological origin into the sea from all the coastal settlements in Croatia. In particular, we report the sea loading by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), expressed by the inhabitant equivalent (I.E.), for seven littoral counties. We estimated the loading of a coastal sea area for each county separately. The objective was to avoid any over- or underestimation of amounts and significance of sewage inflows into the seawater. For this purpose, a precisely determined sea volume up to the 10 m isobath has been chosen. Because of the inadequate treatment of wastewater, the total loading of that maritime territory expressed in terms of i.e. was found to be 26% higher than expected from the actual number of inhabitants. However, daily input represents only 12‰ of the considered volume of the sea. Recipient spent only 0.7% of the disposable oxygen quantity in the sea.     

北京地区二噁英类的环境多介质迁移和归趋模拟

以二噁英类为研究对象,利用LevelⅢ多介质逸度模型模拟计算了稳态假设下二噁英类在北京地区空气相、水相、土壤相和沉积物相中的浓度分布及各相间的迁移通量.结果表明:二噁英类在空气和土壤相中的模拟输出浓度(以I-TEQ计,全文同)范围分别为0.32～0.34 pg/m3和0.33～1.14 ng/kg,而相应环境相中的实测值分别为0.33 pg/m3和1.48 ng/kg,二者吻合较好,验证了该模型在北京地区的适用性;北京地区二噁英类的主要迁移过程为空气相—土相沉降和空气相—水相沉降.土壤和大气降解是二噁英类的主要消亡途径,二者占总降解量的99.1%.土壤相是二噁英类的最大储库,其占总量的97.8%.      

泄漏油气燃爆灾害下FPSO结构响应分析

为评估FPSO泄漏油气燃爆事故中结构损伤风险,采用等效TNT法结合AUTODYN软件分析结构在爆炸冲击波下动态响应,分析其塑性、变形及应力分布,评估不同工况下结构损伤程度。结果表明,TNT起爆后冲击波高速传播,10ms时已覆盖工艺I区,经反射叠加耦合后破坏力增强;原油热处理器和电脱盐器发生失效和变形,生产甲板边缘位置受约束较小,发生较大变形,部分区域屈曲破坏;参与反应的油气越多,相同结构等效应力及变形越大,大应力、大变形区域分布越广;d=60mm时部分结构完全失效。     

井下液态CO2爆破增透工业试验研究

为了增加煤层透气性、提高瓦斯抽采效率,选取七台河矿区进行液态CO2爆破煤层增透工业试验。研究液态CO2爆破过程中主管内高压气体P-T曲线,考察不同地应力下的液态CO2爆破有效影响半径和煤层透气性系数,监测爆破前后瓦斯抽采参数。试验结果表明:采用压缩气体与水蒸气容器爆破方法计算液态CO2爆破的当量为180 gTNT;爆破后瓦斯抽采浓度提高3.16倍,瓦斯抽采混合流量提高1.71倍;煤层液态CO2爆破有效影响半径随地应力的增加近线性减小,随爆破压力的增加非线性增加,确定液态CO2爆破时最佳爆破压力范围160~280 MPa;爆破前后对比,煤层透气性系数提升17.49~22.76倍。井下煤层液态CO2爆破技术的实施,有助于降低爆破成本、提高增透效果和瓦斯抽采利用率。     

天然气管道局部等效应力及塑性变形评估

为了研究腐蚀及地面运动对埋地天然气管线安全性的协同影响,以X80管道为研 究对象,模拟腐蚀缺陷及土壤力作用于管道之上,利用有限元方法对有腐蚀缺陷与预应 变情况下的管道局部等效应力及塑性变形进行评估,结果表明腐蚀缺陷的深度对局部应 力和应力分布影响非常明显,在失效压力预测中起着决定性作用。随着腐蚀深度的增加 ,应力集中增强,导致内表面和外表面的等效应力大小进一步分化,腐蚀深度的增加对 管道内表面的等效应力的影响很大,但对有效塑性应变的影响却不大。模拟管道上施加 有纵向应变的土壤力,不论拉伸与压缩的情况下,都会降低管道的失效压力,在施加拉 伸预应变下的管道失效压力小于压缩预应变下的。塑性变形首先发生在外表面处,并扩 展到腐蚀缺陷相邻区域,管道内表面也具有一定的塑性变形,但强度低。     

重大危险源辨识若干问题的探讨与研究

根据GB18218—2000《重大危险源辨识》标准,在重大危险源定义和分类的基础上,从物质的固有能量和诱发能量两方面考虑,提出了以当量法来确定重大危险源的方法。首先简介我国现行的重大危险源辨识标准,进而分析了GB18218—2000《重大危险源辨识》标准所存在的若干问题,并进行了研究与探讨;从能量的观点出发,证明了某些压力容器、压力管道和锅炉应确定为重大危险源,应进行登记和实施监控。研究的成果为进一步开展全国重大危险源普查工作和重大危险源辨识标准的修订提供了有效途径和理论依据。