基于灰色聚类法的成都市大气污染评价

大气环境质量问题一直是关注的环境问题之一,而灰色聚类分析方法在很多领域已有应用。本文对成都市大气环境监测数据进行评价：采用灰色聚类分析方法,将污染因子（SO2、NO2、PM10）进行综合评价,标准化污染因子及评价指标。白化函数得到各个污染因子每年的5×4矩阵,按照聚类系数来判定综合指标类型,并进行评价。为成都市综合大气...     

4种实用配方饲料对锦鲤诱食活性和生长的影响

试验用鱼选择锦鲤.根据动物摄食行为学原理,采用迷宫法和摄食率法为试验方法,配制4种添加甘氨酸的实用饵料,研究其对锦鲤诱食活性和生长的影响,实验结果用Excel和SPSS17.0软件进行分析.结果表明,4种实用饵料都对锦鲤具有诱食反应.其中,火棘(35m甘氨酸)P=0.003＜ 0.05,浒苔(35mg甘氨酸)P=0.001＜0.05,诱食效果有极显著意义.与对照组相比,喂食实用饵料的锦鲤增重率都有所提高,其中浒苔+50mg甘氨酸最为明显,达到8.44％,饵料系数降低到4.123.     

Apparent diffusion coefficients and chemical species of neptunium (V) in compacted Na-montmorillonite

Diffusion of neptunium (V) in compacted Na-montmorillonite was studied through the non-steady state diffusion method. In this study, two experimental attempts were carried out to understand the diffusion mechanism of neptunium. One was to establish the diffusion activation energy, which was then used to determine the diffusion process in the montmorillonite. The other was the measurement of the distribution of neptunium in the montmorillonite by a sequential batch extraction. The apparent diffusion coefficients of neptunium in the montmorillonite at a dry density of 1.0 Mg m-3 were from 3.7 x 10(-12) m2 s-1 at 288 K to 9.2 x 10(-12) m2 s-1 at 323 K. At a dry density of 1.6 Mg m-3, the apparent diffusion coefficients ranged between 1.5 x 10(-13) m2 s-1 at 288 K and 8.7 x 10(-13) m2 s-1 at 323 K. The activation energy for the diffusion of neptunium at a dry density of 1.0 Mg m-3 was 17.5 +/- 1.9 kJ mol-1. This value is similar to those reported for diffusion of other ions in free water, e.g., 18.4 and 17.4 kJ mol-1 for Na+ and Cl-, respectively. At a dry density of 1.6 Mg.m-3, the activation energy was 39.8 +/- 1.9 kJ mol-1. The change in the activation energy suggests that the diffusion process changes depending on the dry density of the compacted montmorillonite. A characteristic distribution profile was obtained by the sequential extraction procedure for neptunium diffused in compacted montmorillonite. The estimated fraction of neptunium in the pore water was between 3% and 11% at a dry density of 1.6 Mg m-3 and at a temperature of 313 K. The major fraction of the neptunium in the montmorillonite was identified as neptunyl ions sorbed on the outer surface of the montmorillonite. These findings suggested that the activation energy for diffusion and the distribution profile of the involved nuclides could become powerful parameters in understanding the diffusion mechanism.     

Analysis of estrogenic activity in coastal surface waters of the Baltic Sea using the yeast estrogen screen

In the present study, the yeast estrogen screen (YES) has been used to assess the estrogenic activity in surface waters of a coastal region in the German Baltic Sea. Solid-phase extraction using the copolymer Oasis HLB followed by a clean-up on silica was carried out on approximately 50-l water samples. From the final 400 μl extract volume, 100 μl aliquots were used for the measurement of estrogenic activity and for chemical analysis, which was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). From 29 samples taken during two campaigns (2003 and 2004) at five different stations 27 samples showed an estrogenic response higher than 10%. The response in the YES was expressed as measured estradiol equivalents (EEQs), which were in the range of 0.01 (Darss Peninsula) to 0.82 ng/l (Inner Wismar Bay). Samples from stations located in inner coastal waters showed higher estrogenic activities than those from outer located stations. A comparison of measured estrogenicity (YES) and calculated estrogenicity (chemical analysis) showed significant differences, probably due to the presence of anti-estrogenic compounds and/or the estrogenic activity of unknown, not identified contaminants. The main contributors to the overall estrogenic activity were synthetic and natural hormones.     

农地外部效益内在化与农地城市流转控制

农地比较效益低下，但具有显著的外部效益，不考虑外部效益的农地城市流转个体决策与考虑外部效益的社会决策不一致是实行农地保护的重要依据，其政策失灵部分在于保护区农民无偿提供外部效益而缺乏保护诱因，改进思路是在运用强制性管理手段的同时，农地外部效益经济内在化。提高农地效益．具体运作包括保证农民事有较大决策权、全面评价农地效益、增设农地外部效益财产权、赋予保护区农民并支付农地保护补偿专项基金以及使保护区获得更多的公平发展等。     

基于EOF和BP网络的库群径流预测

在考虑多个水库径流相关性的基础上，基于自然正交函数，将多维径流序列分解成时不变的空间特征和随时间变化的权重系数矩阵，并运用网络对时间权重系数变化规律进行分析，从而对库群径流做出预测，以某区域中的三座中型水库为例，选用灰关联模型进行比较预测，取得了较好的结果。     

原油稳定装置的风险评价

运用美国道化学公司的火灾爆炸危险指数评价方法,对大庆油田天然气分公司正压原油稳定装置的火灾爆炸危险性进行了定量计算和评价,介绍了火灾爆炸指数评价法的评价程序和计算步骤,定量计算火灾爆炸可能导致的危害程度和最大可能财产损失,根据实际情况确定了单元的危险系数和安全措施补偿系数,最后得出单元危险分析的安全评价结果.     

成都冬季“干”气溶胶等效复折射率变化特征研究

基于成都市2017年12月逐时的"干"气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数观测数据，结合该时段同时次GRIMM180环境颗粒物分析仪的监测资料，利用免疫进化算法一体化反演550nm波长处"干"气溶胶等效复折射率的实部和虚部，并对其冬季变化特征进行了研究，结果表明："干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部和虚部分别为（1.547±0.0552）和（0.0197±0.00604）."干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部和虚部的日变化形态基本一致，主要表现为"单谷型"特征，二者的谷值出现时段位于15：00~18：00.在日时间尺度上而言，"干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部与质量浓度统计上对其散射消光的演化存在协同作用，"干"气溶胶虚部与质量浓度对其吸收消光的演化也存在类似影响."干"气溶胶等效复折射率虚部是单位质量浓度"干"气溶胶吸收消光能力的重要表征.     

影响退耕还林农户返耕决策的因素识别与分析

可持续收入能力是西部贫困地区退耕还林农户返耕决策的关键。而可持续收入能力又可以表征为收入水平、途径和结构。以及决定其实现的各种条件。理论分析与调研结果发现．农户可持续收入能力受制于自身资本积累。当地自然条件和经济条件三方面。其中．人力和物资等资本存量不足限制了农户在可能的收入途径问的选择；自然条件影响农户依靠自然资源所获得的收入；基础设施落后、产业结构单一、就业机会缺乏等经济条件制约了退耕还林后短期内农户形成较稳定的收入途径和结构。本文提出政策调整的方向应该是消除这些限制因素的影响。为退耕还林农户可持续收入能力的提高创造条件。以确保退耕还林的长期生态效果的巩固和实现。     

农户农地城市流转意愿及其影响因素分析——以武汉市城乡交错区农户为例

研究农户农地城市流转意愿对实现合理的农地城市流转、促进城乡协调发展具有现实意义。依据武汉市远城区和近城区33村143户农户实地随机抽样样本，采用Logistic 模型对影响农户农地城市流转意愿的因子进行定量分析，结果表明基础设施与服务的改善、社会保障制度的建立是影响远、近城区农户农地意愿的主要影响因素，近城区农户的意愿还受农地补偿收益的影响。针对影响力最大的因子采取措施，可以最大程度符合农户意愿，保障农户利益，在满足建设用地需求与农户保有农地之间寻找均衡。