纳米二氧化钛与镉对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)生长的拮抗效应及其作用机制

人工纳米材料（MNMs）进入水环境将改变传统环境污染物的环境归趋及其毒性作用,两者的相互作用及其机制一直是环境科学领域的热点问题.迄今为止,已有大量MNMs与现存污染物联合毒性作用的研究成果发表,但其潜在的作用机制,尤其是联合作用下的生物响应机制仍未清楚.本文以典型MNMs——纳米二氧化钛（nTiO₂）与重金属镉（Cd²⁺）为研究目标,以斜生栅藻（Scenedesmus obliquus）为受试生物,考察在等效剂量（毒性比1 ∶1）下不同浓度组合nTiO₂和Cd²⁺对斜生栅藻的联合毒性作用模式及其分子机制.结果表明,等效剂量下Cd²⁺和nTiO₂的72h EC₅₀值对比单独暴露时均有显著升高,呈拮抗效应.进一步开展转录组学分析发现,nTiO₂存在下斜生栅藻能量代谢所涉及的光合作用、叶绿素代谢以及淀粉与蔗糖代谢通路发生了显著上调,与藻细胞抗逆效应相关的精氨酸与脯氨酸代谢通路同样呈正向刺激表现.本文首次报道了nTiO₂与Cd²⁺等效剂量联合暴露下,浮游植物通过改变藻细胞抗逆能力与加强能量代谢来降低毒性的生物响应机制.本研究结果为深入理解MNMs与现存污染物的复合环境健康效应提供重要参考和研究基础.     

液体火箭共底破裂爆炸安全设防距离

针对航天发射场一旦发生低温推进剂泄漏而导致火箭爆炸,会对人员和财产造成重大损失的问题,采用TNT当量模型和TNO(The Netherlands Organization)多能模型计算不同摩尔百分比的氢氧推进剂混合反应时产生爆炸冲击波的危害性,并模拟爆炸冲击波造成的事故影响范围,然后对两种模型的仿真结果加以对比分析,根据最不利原则选取出最终需要的结果,最后划分出安全设防距离。由仿真结果可知,不同的氢氧混合摩尔百分比造成的爆炸后果不同,同时TNT当量模型在爆炸近场处高估了爆炸超压值,在爆炸远场处低估了爆炸超压值,而TNO多能模型在理论上有效地对这一缺陷进行了弥补。对航天发射场的安全布局起到了一定的参考价值。     

城市大气污染综合治理规划方法

以北京市2008年三种主要大气污染物PM10、SO2及NOx环境空气质量达标方案的设计为案例，从城市大气污染综合治理规划方法学角度，提出并发展了一套包括环境空气质量的模拟、城市背景浓度的确定、优化模型、传输矩阵、分区规划、等效排放、措施信息库等方法在内的城市大气污染综合治理规划问题的整体解决的技术方案，为全国其它类似城市进行大气污染综合治理规划提供一种实例与参考，同时，研究的结果对北京市2008年大气污染控制对策的制定提供了科学的依据。     

Will Simplified Modalities and Procedures Make More Small-Scale Forestry Projects Viable Under the Clean Development Mechanism?

Simplified modalities and procedures (M&P) are expected to increase the viability of small-scale project activities under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). A small-scale afforestation or reforestation (AR) project is defined as a project removing less than 8 kilotons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) per year. Depending on the project type and the method for measuring scale, 8 kilotons of CO₂e per year correspond to highly diverse areas, possibly ranging from 200 to 6000 ha. Using a model to calculate the minimum project scale above which the CDM is a positive financial incentive for eligible AR project activities, the paper analyzes whether a reduction of transaction costs under simplified M&P will be a sufficient incentive to motivate small-scale participation in the CDM. Model results show that, even under optimistic assumptions on carbon market conditions and transaction costs, small-scale project activities will not benefit from simplified M&P. Results also show that project activities removing more than 8 kilotons of CO₂e per year and registered as small-scale would be the ones that could benefit the most from simplified M&P. It is concluded that the participation of small-scale project activities to the CDM requires more than simplified M&P, the price of expiring Certified Emission Reductions being one of the most critical parameters.     

航空产品腐蚀损伤当量折算方法研究

阐述了航空产品在使用过程中腐蚀损伤的一般规律,综述了腐蚀损伤当量化研究的最新进展,研究了航空金属材料、工艺和结构件腐蚀损伤当量折算方法,并提出了腐蚀损伤当量折算方法的研究发展方向。     

沈阳市煤炭行业大气污染物排放调查及污染当量数核算

通过对沈阳市具有代表性的几家煤矿企业废气污染物排放状况的监测研究,由此核算该行业主要大气污染物产生量,各污染因子的污染当量数,并确定了生产单位产品时产生的废气排污费征收额度,为大气污染物排放总量的控制管理提供技术依据。     

机场环境下飞机LY12CZ结构腐蚀损伤预测方法研究

依据LY1 2CZ材料的EXCO溶液浸泡加速腐蚀试验数据、飞机LY 12CZ构件在机场环境下的真实腐蚀损伤数据以及腐蚀损伤等效原则和当量关系原理,获得了该材料在2种环境下腐蚀的当量因子均值(α) =0.023 6,构建了LY12CZ材料于EXCO溶液中浸泡腐蚀的神经网络腐蚀深度预测模型.在此基础上提出了利用所建的神经网...     

回收粉煤灰磁珠在污水处理中的应用

从粉煤灰综合利用角度,探时利用回收粉煤灰中磁珠作磁种,用高梯度磁分离技术进行污水处理的可行性,进一步研究了粉煤灰磁珠粒度组成对污水处理效果的影响。     

Ecological service assessment of human-dominated freshwater ecosystem with a case study in Yangzhou Prefecture, China

Freshwater ecosystems provide a host of services to humanity. These services are now rapidly being lost, not least because of the inability of making the impacts measurable. To overcome this obstacle, assessment frameworks for freshwater ecosystem services are needed. A simple water equivalent framework to assess the ecological services provided by freshwater ecosystems was developed in this study. It translated the occupation of freshwater ecosystem services into biologically freshwater volumes and then compares this consumption to the freshwater throughput, that is, the ecological capacity available in this region. In this way, we use the example of Yangzhou Prefecture, to account the main categories of human occupation of water ecosystem services. The result showed that there is a huge gap between the consumption and the supply of freshwater ecosystem services. This must encourage local government to make land-use and water management decisions both economically rational and environmentally sound.     

等效阻尼比对基于位移的抗震设计的影响分析

等效阻尼比是基于位移抗震设计中确定等效周期的一个关键参数。通过对不同研究者提出的等效阻尼比模型进行比较研究,重点讨论了滞回模型、延性系数和等效周期对等效阻尼比的影响。结果表明,不同等效阻尼比模型的总体变化趋势是一致的;滞回模型对等效阻尼比有很大影响,Ramberg-Osgood模型的等效阻尼比是Flagshaped模型的2.56倍;等效阻尼比随着延性系数的增大而增大,尤其在μ=2～4范围内变化幅度最大;短周期与中长周期等效阻尼比相差2倍多,故等效周期小于1 s时,必须考虑其对等效阻尼比的影响。