东洞庭湖湖滨带土壤酸碱度的分布及对重金属含量的影响

用统计学方法研究了东洞庭湖湖滨带土壤pH 值的分布特征及与重金属污染特征关系。研究表明：在东洞庭湖湖滨带67个采样点中,7.46％的土样为酸性土壤,多分布在居民地和旅游区;13.43％的土样为中性土壤,多分布在湿地保护区;79.10％的土壤为碱性土壤,主要分布在农业区和工业区;无强酸性和强碱性样品。不同土壤pH范围的重金属平均含量不同,随着土壤pH值由酸性、中性到碱性的升高,Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn含量先降低后增加;As、Cu、Ni、Cr含量先增加后降低。     

过去百年吕梁山南端油松生长特征及其与气候变化的关系

理解树木生长对气候变化和人类活动干扰的响应有助于未来森林管理和双碳政策的落实。本文基于采自吕梁山南端的油松（Pinus tabuliformis Carr.）树轮样本建立了标准树轮宽度年表。通过Pearson相关分析发现树轮年表对研究区3—7月土壤湿度（r=0.60,P<0.01,n=37）、5—6月平均最低温度（r=-0.37,P<0.01,n=63）和5月降水量（r=0.31,P<0.05,n=64）响应敏感,说明水分条件（降水和土壤湿度）是影响研究区油松径向生长的主要限制因子,温度则是通过调控土壤湿度进而影响树木径向生长过程。近百年来（1926—2011年）,研究区油松发生了三次生长释放事件（1932年,1977—1980年,2001—2011年）和一次生长抑制事件（1991—1994年）。生长释放事件在次数、持续时间和发生强度上都高于生长抑制事件。适宜（不适宜）的水热组合能够促进生长释放（抑制）,人类活动干扰也能够诱发生长事件。空间相关分析揭示树轮年表与研究区及周边较大范围的气候环境变化密切相关。本研究对深入了解该地区油松树种生长特征及其对气候与人类活动干扰的...     

Development of machine learning based prediction models for hazardous properties of chemical mixtures

Lower flammability limit (LFL), upper flammability limit (UFL), auto-ignition temperature (AIT) and flash point (FP) are crucial hazardous properties for fire and explosion hazards assessment and consequence analysis. In this study, a comprehensive prediction model set was constructed by using expanded chemical mixture databases of chemical mixture hazardous properties. Machine learning based gradient boosting quantitative structure-property relationship (GB-QSPR) method is implemented for the first time to improve the model performance and prediction accuracy. The result shows that all developed models have significantly higher accuracy than other regular QSPR models, with the 5-fold cross-validation RMSE of LFL, UFL, AIT, and FP models being 1.06, 1.14, 1.08, and 1.17, respectively. All developed QSPR models can be used to estimate reliable chemical mixture hazardous properties and provide useful guidance in chemical mixture hazard assessment and consequence analysis.     

环境内分泌干扰物低剂量-效应研究进展

环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的低剂量-效应已成为生态毒理学界的研究热点.环境内分泌干扰物在接近或低于无可见不良效应浓度水平(NOAEL)时仍可诱发生物效应并存在非单调剂量-效应关系,这对现行的动物繁殖和发育毒理学检测规程以及环境内分泌干扰物风险评价的理论和方法提出了挑战.此外,由于环境中内分泌干扰物呈低剂量长期暴露的特征,研究低剂量-效应对正确进行生态风险评价具有重大的科学意义.在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,对当前环境内分泌干扰物低剂量-效应的研究进展进行了综述.     

基于FHWA的兰州市道路交通噪声预测模型的建立

结合美国道路交通噪声污染预测模型(FHWA)和国内学者在该方面的大量研究成果,选择兰州市主、次干道共计52条、142个监测点的建模采样数据,并应用统计学原理分析了影响道路交通噪声的各个因子与道路交通噪声的相关性,最终得出了符合兰州市道路交通特征的噪声污染统计预测模型.随后通过兰州市15个监测点的预测与实测对比验证后发现二者具有较高的一致性,此模型可应用在兰州市道路交通噪声污染的预测评价中.     

苯甲酸类化合物对发光菌的毒性及定量构效

测定了9种苯甲酸类化合物在pH=7时对发光菌的急性毒性(15min-EC50)。应用两种理化参数TSA和ELUMO对毒性数据进行了定量构效关系(QSARs)研究,并在此基础上初步探讨了苯甲酸类化合物的毒性机制。结果表明,苯甲酸类化合物对发光菌的毒性随取代基团的种类及取代位置不同而不同;苯甲酸类化合物对发光菌的致毒机制中可能有亲电作用发生,毒性可用TSA和ELUMO来联合描述。     

大气中痕量挥发性有机物的结构表征和保留时间的估计与预测

采用分子电性距离矢量（MEDV）表征大气中痕量挥发性有机物的分子结构,同时采用逐步回归结合统计检测对模型进行变量筛选,建立了大气中痕量挥发性有机物定量结构-色谱保留（QSRR）关系的8个变量和5个变量模型,两种QSRR模型的建模计算值复相关系数（R）分别为0.937和0.931;留一法（leave-one-out）交互校验复相关系数（RCV）分别为0.901和0.906,表明模型具有良好的估计能力与稳定性.     

太阳活动变化与新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的发展

已有研究表明,新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称"新冠肺炎")和以往的传染病大流行与太阳活动存在着密不可分的关系.但是究竟存在什么样的关系,尚未形成一致的意见.并且这些研究大多关注于大流行事件发生的年份与太阳活动周峰谷值年份之间的对应关系,却很少分析大流行的发展过程与太阳活动过程之间的关系.本文基于2020-01-01?—?2...     

Vertical and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and relationship with their influencing factors in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone： a case study in Taihu Lake, China

Vertical and temporal distributions of N and P in soil solution in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone （ATE） of Taihu Lake were investigated, and the relations among N, P, ORP （oxidation reduction potential）, TOC, root system biomass and microorganism were studied. As a whole, significant declines in TN, NO3^--N, DON （dissolved organic nitrogen） and TP concentration in soil solution have occurred with increase of the depth, and reached their minima at 60 cm depth, except for NH4^＋-N, which increased with depth. The concentration of TP increased gradually from spring to winter in the topsoil, the maximum 0.08 mg/L presented in the winter while the minimum 0.03 mg/L in spring. In the deeper layer, the concentration value of TP fluctuated little. As for the NO3^--N, its seasonal variation was significant at 20 cm depth, its concentration increased gradually from spring to autumn, and decreased markedly in winter. Vertical and temporal distribution of DON is contrary to that of NO3^--N. The results also show that the variation of N and P in the percolate between adjacent layers is obviously different. The vertical variation ofTN, TP, NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N and DON is significant, of which the variation coefficient of NO3^--N along the depth reaches 100.23%, the highest; while the variation coefficient of DON is 41.14%, the smallest. The results of correlation analysis show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus correlate significantly with TOC, ORP, root biomass and counts of nitrifying bacteria. Most nutrients altered much from 20 to 40 cm along the depth. However, DON changed more between 60 and 80 cm. Results show that soil of 0-60 cm depth is active rhizoplane, with strong capability to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in ATE. It may suggest that there exists the optimum ecological efficiency in the depth of above 60 cm in reed wetland. This will be very significant for ecological restoration and reestablishment.