行为实验视角下煤矿员工不安全行为路径分析

面对煤矿事故频发现状,立足矿井安全实际生产困难,深入探索矿工不安全行为影响因素。研究表明,煤矿安全事故中,员工不安全行为是导致事故发生的主要原因。通过建立实验平台模拟煤矿员工工作现场,比较不同文化程度的矿工不安全行为发生率以及安全文化教育后矿工不安全行为发生率趋势。对比发现,文化程度越高的员工的不安全行为发生次数不一定越低,且安全文化教育的刺激作用具有保质期。     

胶合竹材单面受火炭化及温度场试验研究

格鲁班(Glubam)胶合竹材作为一种新型建筑材料,研究其耐火性能并与木材进行比较,对胶合竹材单板及杉木单板分别进行了恒温及ISO 834标准升温条件下的单面受火试验,测得了其炭化速率及不同受火条件下试件内部的温度-时间变化曲线。结果表明,胶合竹材的炭化速率低于杉木,其炭化规律与木材相似,即在受火初期炭化层厚度增加较快,炭化速率较大,随时间延长炭化速率逐渐降低,且受火温度越高,材料的炭化速率越大,同时试验测得在标准火灾条件下,胶合竹材受火20 min的平均炭化速率为0.64 mm/min。此外,通过温度场数据的分析比较发现,胶合竹材的传热速率明显低于杉木,其具有优于杉木的隔热性能,且能够满足相关规范对建筑构件隔热性能的要求。     

井下采煤影响矿区坡面形态及侵蚀的数值模拟分析

针对井下采煤产生的大范围岩移必然最终改变原有地表形态并影响坡面侵蚀特征及规律这一特殊性,从井下与地表相结合的新视角,结合彬长矿区水土流失特征和典型煤矿采矿条件,以采厚、地表坡面坡度等因素为变量,构建了20个不同类型的数值模型,通过数值模拟方法研究并揭示井下采煤对地表坡面形态及侵蚀的影响规律。结果表明,第一,地表坡面坡度会随采厚增加而呈现增大的趋势,且自然坡度越大,坡度变化量越大;相同采厚条件下,坡度增大率与坡面自然坡度整体上呈负相关。第二,地表坡面坡长会随采厚增加而呈现减小的趋势,且自然坡度越小,坡长变化量越大;随采厚增加,地表坡面坡长减小率与自然坡度呈先正相关后负相关的关系,自然坡度为26.57°是拐点。第三,采厚的增加会提高地表坡面产流产沙的强度,加剧坡面侵蚀,这种效应在坡度较小的坡面更加显著;井下采煤引起地表坡面坡度的增大是产生这一规律的主因。     

You think you are big fish in a small pond? Perceived overqualification,goal orientations,and proactivity at work

Overqualification denotes situations in which job incumbents have higher qualifications than those required for the job. Drawing on the self‐regulatory perspective, we proposed that employees' perception of overqualification positively affects their proactive behavior through the mechanism of role‐breadth self‐efficacy and that this indirect effect is moderated by employees' goal orientations. We tested our hypotheses through two studies. In Study 1, we found that perceived overqualification had a positive indirect effect on employees' proactive behavior through role‐breadth self‐efficacy using a sample of 323 salespeople with a cross‐lagged panel design. In Study 2, the multi‐wave and multi‐source data from 302 teachers confirmed the indirect effect and indicated that performance goal orientation and learning goal orientation moderated the indirect relationship. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

包头市企业环境行为信用评价指标体系研究

企业环境行为信用评价是一种符合国情的先进的环境管理手段,是对当前环境管理制度的重要补充和完善.为了强化政府对污染源的监管,提升环保部门的环境监管力度和水平,督促企业持续改进环境行为,文章对不同尺度的指标体系进行了分析对比,结合包头市实际情况,构建了包含污染防治、环境管理、社会影响和组织管理四部分共二十五项指标的包头市企业环境行为信用评价指标体系,以期对环境管理起到检查和促进作用、前瞻和导向功能.     

Hydro-abrasive erosion in hydro turbines: a review

The flow of sediment particles in rivers is a big challenge to develop hydropower plants across the sediment-laden rivers. Hard particles such as quartz and feldspar are available in high amount in the Asian mountain range. The abrasive action of these particles causes the hydro turbines to suffer from erosion in particular at high- and medium-head hydroelectric power plants. This has become a serious economic issue due to maintenance costs and production losses. The treatment without prevention is simply unsustainable. Facilities for sediment exclusion, typically sand traps as well as turbine design, and materials have been improved considerably. In the present paper, studies have been discussed extensively undertaken by several investigators in this field. Based on literature survey several aspects related to reducing the sediment load on turbines, useful ways to improve the turbine surface performance and various erosion models to characterize the effect of erosion on the performance of turbines have been discussed. To calibrate and validate the developed erosion models, more measurements from both physical model tests in laboratories and continuous monitoring of sediment parameters and their impact on the operational hydro turbines are required. As well as the state-of-art in the modeling and simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has made it possible to optimize the hydraulic design of hydro turbines in order to minimize the erosion level without much sacrifice in the efficiency. To mitigate the hydro-abrasive erosion effects on the performance of turbines, significant improvements have been achieved so far and development is ongoing.     

航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层冲蚀试验装置的研制

目的通过研制热障涂层冲蚀服役环境的模拟装置,来研究冲蚀失效机制。方法通过研制模拟热障涂层高温热冲击的燃气喷枪,在喷枪中设计速度、流量可控的颗粒送料系统,同时在装置中集成裂纹演化实时检测的声发射系统。结果该系统实现了热障涂层冲蚀服役环境的模拟,温度场、裂纹演化损伤参量的同步采集、输出与显示,从而完成了冲蚀服役环境模拟与关键损伤参量实时检测的一体化设计。结论装置能完成热障涂层常温、高温等各种服役温度、各种冲蚀角度、各种冲蚀速度等条件下的模拟试验,并提供较为系统的损伤参量检测数据,为理解热障涂层的冲蚀机理、优化其设计制备提供有效的试验数据。     

力学载荷条件下 EB-PVD 热障涂层损伤行为研究

目的研究力学载荷条件下EB-PVD热障涂层的损伤行为。方法采用电子束物理气相沉积工艺(EB-PVD)制备热障涂层(TBCs),利用SEM和体式显微镜对力学性能试验后带涂层试样的断口特征、裂纹形貌和金相组织进行观察,分析热障涂层在拉伸、持久和旋转弯曲疲劳等典型力学载荷条件下的损伤行为。结果在室温拉伸条件下,陶瓷层内先出现垂直于应力轴、沿柱状晶簇扩展的平行环状周向微裂纹,随着拉伸塑变量的增加,局部区域裂纹贯穿粘结层并进入合金基体;900℃高温拉伸条件下裂纹也产生于陶瓷层,但裂纹均钝化于粘结层与陶瓷层的界面,并穿透粘结层。在持久条件下,试样在弹性变形阶段涂层即发生开裂,随后沿着陶瓷层柱状晶簇间扩展,但未扩展至粘结层;在高温高周疲劳条件下,裂纹首先出现在粘结层,随后向基体逐渐扩展,扩展深度较浅,而基体疲劳裂纹在粘结层裂纹末端萌生并倾斜滑移扩展。结论提高粘结层韧性、减少粘结层中裂纹萌生和向基体扩展,是热障涂层材料和工艺优化的有效途径。     

Storm impacts along European coastlines. Part 2: lessons learned from the MICORE project

This paper describes the MICORE approach to quantify for nine field sites the crucial storm related physical hazards (hydrodynamic as well as morphodynamic) in support of early warning efforts and emergency response.As a first step historical storms that had a significant morphological impact on a representative number of sensitive European coastal stretches were reviewed and analysed in order to understand storm related morphological changes and how often they occur around Europe. Next, an on-line storm prediction system was set up to enable prediction of storm related hydro- and morphodynamic impacts. The system makes use of existing off-the-shelf models as well as a new open-source morphological model. To validate the models at least one year of fieldwork was done at nine pilot sites. The data was safeguarded and stored for future use in an open database that conforms to the OpenEarth protocols.To translate quantitative model results to useful information for Civil Protection agencies the Frame of Reference approach ( [Van Koningsveld et al., 2005] and [Van Koningsveld et al., 2007] ) was used to derive Storm Impact Indicators (SIIs) for relevant decision makers. The acquired knowledge is expected to be directly transferred to the civil society trough partnerships with end-users at the end of the MICORE project.     

错流式膜-生物反应器处理生活污水及其生物学研究

用错流式膜－生物反应器（ＣｒｏｓｆｌｏｗＭｅｍｂｒａｎｅＢｉｏＲｅａｃｔｏｒ简称ＣＭＢＲ）进行处理生活污水试验并研究其生物动力学参数．结果表明：当ＨＲＴ为５ｈ,ＳＲＴ为１５ｄ,膜面流速为４ｍ／ｓ,膜通量为７５、１５０Ｌ／（ｍ２·ｈ）时,ＣＭＢＲ处理生活污水试验的去除率为：ＣＯＤ＞９７％、ＮＨ３－Ｎ＞９７％、浊度≥９８％;对ＳＳ和总Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ则达到１００％,出水水质优于建设部生活杂用水回用标准ＣＪ２５．１－８９．生物相分析表明,污泥中没有原、后生动物,只有菌胶团．推导了ＣＭＢＲ稳态运行时的生物浓度计算公式,进而求得表观产率因数Ｙｇ为０．６５,衰减常数Ｋｄ为０．１ｄ－１．