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871.
本文以四川水土流失情况为例,着重分析论述了水土流失对农业生态系统的严重危害,从而阐明了水土保持对农牧业生产的重要性和紧迫性,并从省情出发,总结提出了当前乃至今后相当一个时期,农牧部门应积极采取的几项行之有效的防治对策措施,可供各级政府和领导决策参考。 相似文献
872.
乌鳢仔鱼生化成分变化与其行为的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了1~16d龄乌鳢仔鱼水分、Na+、K+、脂肪和蛋白质含量的变化及其主要摄食行为.结果表明,初孵仔鱼含水量为50.15%~52.40%,并随发育进展持续上升到86.35%~86.86%,而仔鱼干重则在第6d最低.Na+、K+在仔鱼前期波动较大,第8d后稳步上升,脂肪食量在孵出后的前4d基本上保持不变,第5d下降15.85%,第6d下降34.38%,此后一直下降.蛋白质含量前8d变化很小,第8d后开始大幅上升.结合行为学观察认为,油球在仔鱼前期主要作为“浮力器官”(buoyancyorgan),在后期则可补偿摄入能量的不足. 相似文献
873.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management as a strategy for achieving conservation and sustainable multiple use of the coastal zone
includes various types of management initiatives. Due to natural phenomena such as tides and winds and to social and economic
activities, coastal areas undergo transformation. Coastal erosion and the disappearance of beaches as a result of wrong planning
decisions and lack of effective legislation are among the most damaging effects and to reverse them requires application of
a series of engineering techniques. Beach nourishment projects as a way towards shore protection and utilization through recreational
purposes in the Spanish and Italian coasts are noteworthy in this respect.
In beach nourishment projects, the roles of various entities, both public and private, should be clearly indicated and in
the evaluation and execution stage a series of questions should be answered for the successful completion of any nourishment
project. Past projects in the Mediterranean and experiences from recent Italian projects in Anzio and Nettuno confirm this.
For example, dredging of the entrance channel of the port of Anzio enabled middle-sized ferryboats once again to enter the
port (which had not been possible before). This will in turn increase the tourism potential of the town. Nourishment of two
beaches at these sites prevented further erosion and provided more area for recreational purposes. Expected economic contribution
of beach nourishments to the regional authority was estimated for Nettuno and Anzio; the resulting theoretical payback period
was found to be 3 yr for the former and 15 yr for the latter. 相似文献
874.
875.
马官喀斯特地下水库的渗漏分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对马官地下水库渗漏的大量野外勘测、观测、水化学资料的分析及库区喀斯特发育规律的研究,基本查清了马官地下水库渗漏的原因、渗漏的具体方位、渗漏量,探讨了库盆渗漏与蓄水年限、以及与地下水流的侵蚀、溶蚀的关系;根据研究结果,提出了马官地下水库防渗处理的几点措施。 相似文献
876.
针对钻井现场视频监控人工值守工作量大、异常行为识别不及时、海量视频数据缺乏实时报警等问题,结合钻井作业操作规程建立井控坐岗监测、起下钻、甩钻具等钻井作业场景典型异常行为判别规则,在基于卷积神经网络的目标检测方法基础上,引入SIFT方法和基于强化学习的困难样本筛选策略,提高了算法识别的准确率与鲁棒性。测试结果表明,在像素分辨率1 920×1 080的情况下,该方法整体识别准确率达到85%以上,平均识别速度为135 ms/帧。在此基础上,开发了钻井过程人员异常行为智能识别系统,试点应用结果表明,该系统能够对接入的视频流进行实时检测,及时、准确识别出坐岗人员擅自离岗、起下钻及甩钻具过程人员危险站位等异常行为,有效提升钻井现场安全管理水平。 相似文献
877.
G. Ruysschaert J. Poesen G. Verstraeten G. Govers 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):153-165
Soil erosion studies on cropland usually only consider water, wind and tillage erosion. However, significant amounts of soil are also lost from the field during the harvest of crops such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.), cassava (Manihot spp.) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). During the harvest soil adhering to the crop, loose soil or soil clods and rock fragments are exported from the field together with these crops.This soil erosion process is referred to as ‘soil losses due to crop harvesting’ (SLCH). Most of the studies investigated SLCH variability and its controlling factors for one crop type in similar agro-ecological environments and for comparable harvesting techniques. In this study, a compilation of SLCH studies was made in order to investigate the effect of crop type, agricultural systems, ecological conditions and harvesting technique on SLCH variability. SLCH rates ranged from few to tens of Mg ha−1 harvest−1 and SLCH was highly variable both in space and time. Comparison of four studies on SLCH for sugar beet revealed that harvesting technique and soil moisture content at harvesting time can be equally important for SLCH variability. The occurrence of soil clods harvested with the crop explained why SLCH was significantly larger for mechanically harvested potato in Belgium compared to manually harvested potato in China. SLCH values for manually harvested sugar beet, potato, cassava and sweet potato in China and Uganda were in general smaller than SLCH values for mechanically harvested sugar beet, potato and witloof chicory roots measured in Belgium and France. However, SLCH may also vary significantly within Europe due to differences in harvesting techniques. Soil moisture content at harvesting time was besides harvesting technique one of the key factors controlling SLCH variability. There were no systematic differences in SLCH between crop types, although the soil–crop contact area–crop mass ratio could explain more than 40% of the means from several SLCH studies. 相似文献
878.
试论特区采石场的水土流失问题 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文从深圳,珠海经济特区采石业的发展状况入手,分析了特区采石场水土流失的成因,指出在区域的气候和成土母岩特性的条件下,石场由于植被破坏和没有切实落实水土保持措施,造成了严重的水土流失,特别是废土石堆问题。最后,提出了四点综合防治的建议。 相似文献
879.
本文对大青山高土地带阴坡三种不同水土保持林与农地,撩荒地比较,将枯落物持水性、土壤含水量及土壤性质、分散度、导水率进行了分析,阐明了大青山中高山地带阴坡三种不同林分有极强的哟水性、可拦蓄大量的径流;林地土壤含水量高、结构良好、渗透降水能力强,土本难以破坏。可有交地防治山地水土流失的发生。 相似文献
880.
阐述了要因地制宜推广水土保持的先进技术,并提出对于辽宁省浑河、太子河、清河、柴河发源地的水土保持工作,应与生态保护紧密结合起来,重视生态与水的密切关系。对于水土流失等生态功能脆弱地区,注重发挥大自然的修复能力,实行退耕还林、封山禁牧、禁柴等措施。 相似文献