三峡水库典型消落带土壤DOM组分特征及其对有效态镉释放影响

重金属镉（Cd）是三峡水库蓄水后消落带土壤中主要的重金属污染物之一.为研究三峡水库反季节调蓄条件下溶解性有机质（DOM）对有效态Cd在土壤固-液相间释放行为及其再补给过程的影响,以三峡水库香溪河消落带为研究对象,分别于2019年10月和2020年10月采集土壤样品,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱技术和荧光区域积分法分析土壤DOM光谱特性,同时结合梯度扩散薄膜技术（DGT）和土壤扩散通量模型（DIFS）综合探究土壤有效态Cd及其释放动力学过程.此外,测定了消落带土壤基本理化特性以及土壤中Cd含量和赋存形态.结果表明,研究区土壤DOM以富里酸为主,腐殖质特征较弱,具有陆源为主和内源较弱的混合特征,与2019年相比,2020年土壤DOM中富里酸类物质占比更高;2019年和2020年土壤ω（Cd）平均值分别为（0.474±0.301） mg·kg^-1和（0.249±0.058） mg·kg^-1,土壤中Cd的赋存形态均以非残渣态为主;DGT测定结果显示2020年土壤中有效态Cd含量较2019年呈下降趋势,进一步通过DIFS模型拟合结果表明,土壤中Cd的吸附速率大于解吸速率,土壤对有效态Cd的再补给能力较弱,表明三峡消落带土壤中有效态Cd的潜在释放风险较低,低分子量DOM和DOM中富里酸类物质是抑制土壤中有效态Cd释放的重要因素.研究结果揭示了三峡水库水文情势变化下DOM对重金属Cd环境地球化学行为的影响,为三峡库区重金属污染防治提供科学理论依据.     

Migration behavior and in-situ bioremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent in vadose zone: a review北大核心CSCD

It is of great significance for in-situ bioremediation to clarify the migration behavior and biodegradation laws of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (CHS) in the vadose zone. We systematically summarized the phase distribution of CHS, the interaction between different phases, and the migration characteristics and clarified the evolution rules of CHS under different phases in the polluted vadose zone. CHS exists in the vadose zone as the NAPL, dissolved phase, adsorbed phase, gas phase, and other phases, where there are three decay evolution stages: early, middle, and late stages. Phase change and diffusion matrix size are important indicators at different stages; at the same time, gas, solid, liquid and NAPL phase CHS have a variety of interactive relationships in the vadose zone. Subsequently, the characteristics of the three main biological metabolic pathways of CHS in the vadose zone–aerobic co-metabolism, direct oxidation and anaerobic reduction, and dechlorination–and their influencing factors were summarized. Generally speaking, the anaerobic dechlorination capacity decreases with a decrease in the number of chlorine atoms, whereas the aerobic degradation capacity increases with a decrease in the number of chlorine atoms. The current status of in-situ remediation of CHS in the vadose zone was summarized using biostimulation and bioaugmentation methods, indicating that adding nutrient substances and injecting anaerobic dechlorination strains of Dehalococcoides are effective means of remediation. Simultaneously, the factors influencing the biodegradation of CHS in the vadose zone were elaborated to acquire a systematic insight into the significance of redox characteristics (oxygen) on the degradation of CHS. Finally, research on the biodegradation of CHS in the vadose zone is prospected, and it is necessary to carry out research on the interactive relationship between different phases of CHS, the data monitoring of CHS, the structure of the functional bacterial community, and research and development of active strains to provide theoretical guidance for the in-situ remediation of CHS in the vadose zone. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

三峡库区澎溪河不同高程消落带土壤磷形态及磷酸酶活性分布特征

磷酸酶可将有机磷矿化为无机磷,对土壤有机磷转化具有重要作用,然而目前鲜见关于三峡库区消落带土壤磷酸酶及其与磷形态转化的相关报道.研究澎溪河流域落干期不同高程消落带土壤磷形态及磷酸酶活性的分布特征,分析了磷酸酶活性与磷形态之间的相关性及其对磷形态的影响.结果表明,不同高程消落带土壤的H₂ O-P_i、NaHCO₃-P_i和NaOH-P_i含量均高于岸边土壤,生物可酶解磷含量和NaOH-P_o含量随高程增加而升高.冗余分析显示有机质和无定形铁锰含量是影响不同高程土壤有机磷形态的主要原因.消落带土壤酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、磷酸二酯酶（以p-NP计）和植酸酶（以P计）活性均值分别为1.40、2.60、0.44和11.43 μmol ·（g ·h）^-1,且消落带土壤各磷酸酶活性随高程增加而增大,植物量和微生物量差异是导致消落带磷酸酶活性空间分布差异的重要原因.整体上消落带土壤磷酸酶活性与各有机磷形态含量呈显著正相关,而与生物可利用磷含量呈负相关.较高高程消落带土壤磷酸酶活性较高而生物可利用磷含量较低,在淹水初期磷酸酶介导的矿化有机磷为无机磷速率相对较高,向上覆水体释放磷的风险也较大.研究成果有助于全面理解三峡库区消落带土壤磷的地球化学循环.     

Restoration processes of pollution zones in Hanjiang River

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绿洲农区土地可持续利用初步研究——以河西走廊临泽样区为例

土地可持续利用就是实现土地生产力的持续增长和稳定性 ,保证土地资源潜力和防止土地退化 ,并具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。本文以河西走廊临泽样区为例 ,以根据土系划分出的三种土地利用方式为研究对象 ,对其在土地可持续利用方面进行了定量化评价研究 ,在此基础上 ,提出了绿洲农区土地可持续利用途径     

涝渍地农业综合整治开发示范区规划探讨

通过中日合作项目“湖北省江汉平原四湖涝渍地综合开发计划”两个涝渍地综合开发示范区的有关实践，对该区涝渍地开发规划方法进行了系统探讨。研究表明，江汉平原涝渍地大体上可分成以河流冲积物为主和以湖积与冲积共同作用形成的两类地区，两者在地貌、土壤结构、耕作方式和经济发展阶段上存在较大差异，应该区别对待；“单元水系”可作为涝渍地区域综合开发最基层的区域单元。水土资源存在的巨大潜力和障碍应作为规划的出发点，其开发模式可借鉴日本“农田综合整备”的理论与实践；田间土地整治及其附属物设施建设的技术标准应以我国近20年来关于涝渍地排水的工程标准为主，适当参照世界先进国家标准。数量化理论I可作为规划前对涝渍地微域土地进行综合评价的一种合适方法；鉴于涝渍地开发的阶段性，对现阶段涝渍地开发效果的评价指标的选择，应在农田的物理结构改变效果、农业深度开发与结构调整效果和综合经济效益效果等3方面取得平衡。以第一方面的评价为重点，给出了一个相应的评价体系。     

Biomass allocation in boreal plants with different ecological strategies

In the boreal zone of the Middle Urals, biomass structure was studied in 35 species of wild plants with different ecological strategies according to Grime and Ramenskii (competitors, ruderals, and stress-tolerant plants). Plants belonging to these groups proved to differ considerably in the absolute plant weight and the quantitative contributions of the main organs to the total biomass. Discriminant analysis revealed a 97% difference between the species groups; hence, this approach may be used for identifying the ecological strategies of plants in natural habitats.     

Natural Recovery of Technogenic Landscapes in Open Larch Forests in Northeastern Russia

Studies on the vegetation and soil complexes in areas of the Kolyma River basin disturbed by mining, in the northeast of the Chukchi Peninsula, have been performed to reveal trends in natural restorative processes in posttechnogenic landscapes. Data on the flora, phytomass stock, chemical composition of plants pioneering in the overgrowing of disturbed areas, and physicochemical properties of soils and technogenic eluvia have been obtained. The results have shown that plant cover restoration in disturbed areas depends primarily on the type (genesis) of technogenic substrates, the content of fine earth in the surface layer, and the distance from natural plant complexes that serve as a source of seeds coming to the disturbed area.     

面向可持续发展的海岸带综合管理研究

本文以可持续发展为目标，从海岸带综合管理问题入手，进一步分析了海岸带系统的可持续性，阐述了海岸带综合管理的方法论，提出了海岸带综合管理的内涵、原则、任务与技术方法。     

三峡库区香溪河消落带植被多样性及分布格局研究

研究三峡大坝蓄水10 a后香溪河消落带不同高程区域植被的物种组成、群落多样性及其空间分布特征,旨在为库区消落带生态修复中的物种选择、植被群落重建提供依据。研究结果发现:(1)香溪河消落带植被以一年生草本植物为主,物种组成比较简单。植物种群空间分布分析表明,优势种种群均属于聚集分布;(2)随着高程的增加,α多样性指数中Patrick丰富度、Shannon-wiener多样性和Pielou均匀度呈增加趋势,而Simpson优势度则与其它三个指数相反呈递减的趋势;而β多样性指数中Cody指数、Wilson-Shmida指数、Jaccard指数和Sorenson 指数均呈增加趋势;(3)推荐狗牙根、马唐、狗尾草和香附子4种植物作为三峡库区香溪河消落带植被恢复的备选草本物种。