空气动力阴影区对高层建筑周围污染物浓度分布的影响

空气动力阴影区是在风的作用下建筑物背风侧和顶部的旋涡区。当建筑物附近有污染源存在时，污染物的浓度分布与污染源和空气动力阴影区之间的相对位置有着密切关系。以一高层建筑为例，采用数值模拟的方法，探讨和分析污染源在空气动力阴影区内外几个不同相对位置时，建筑物周围污染物分布的不同。     

Nuclear magnetic resonance logging: Example applications of an emerging tool for environmental investigations

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) geophysical tools have been widely used in the petroleum exploration industry since the 1960s and have improved significantly in the last two decades. These tools can provide estimates of bulk porosity and fluid content, quantification of bound versus mobile fluids, and estimates of hydraulic conductivity (K). Although the size and cost of oil‐field tools historically limited their use for near‐surface applications, smaller and more economical downhole NMR logging tools are now available for detecting and characterizing the formation water content and K to support environmental and groundwater resource investigations. These tools can be deployed using direct‐push drilling techniques or they can be lowered into existing open borings or wells with nonconductive polyvinyl chloride casings and screens. In many cases, using the tool in existing wells offers a safer and more cost‐effective alternative compared to drilling new boreholes. For environmental investigations, NMR can provide useful high‐resolution quantitative hydrostratigraphic information that can provide additional valuable data to further inform and refine the conceptual site model. This paper highlights several NMR field investigations that demonstrate the viability of this technology as a site characterization tool for near‐surface investigations. NMR measurements were compared to data from lithologic logs, cone penetrometer testing data, and prior field hydraulic tests. Use of NMR to detect vadose zone water, including previously unidentified perched groundwater zones, provided hydrostratigraphic details that could not be gleaned from historical well drilling logs and were used to evaluate drainable pore water versus pore water bound in small pores by capillary forces or electrochemically clay‐bond water. NMR also produced K estimates similar to those from conventional hydraulic tests, but the improved vertical resolution from NMR provided additional information regarding the vertical heterogeneity of the formation along the entire length of the well or borehole. Additionally, bench‐scale tests are presented that confirm the capability for NMR to reliably detect and quantify light nonaqueous phase liquid saturation (specifically diesel fuel and weathered gasoline) in situ. The field tests combined with bench‐scale testing results affirm the applicability and potential for NMR as a practical characterization tool that should increasingly be utilized in environmental investigations.     

新疆生态可持续发展的主要制约因子及脆弱区域分析

自然生态系统的可持续发展是社会一经济系统可持续发展的基本保证,明确区域生态可持续发展的主要制约因子和生态脆弱区域是评价区域生态系统发展的可持续性、制定可持续发展战略及实施综合措施的关键步骤。本文分析了新疆生态可持续发展的主要制约因子和生态脆弱区域。结果表明,水资源危机、土地荒漠化、耕地资源危机及森林减少等是限制新疆生态可持续发展的主要制约因子;干旱绿洲-沙漠过渡地区和内陆河（湖）流域为重点生态脆弱区域。在此基础上,提出了新疆生态系统可持续发展的对策建议。     

采场调压数学模型在煤矿火区治理中的应用

采场调压可改变采场内气体流动的状况,抑制采空区自然发火。笔者采用Ｗａｒｄ 非线性运动方程,建立采场调压数学模型,利用有限元法对其进行求解。通过对小恒山煤矿东正巷出口的调压进行计算机模拟,从而掌握火区内部参数的变化趋势,及时预测调压潜力及效果,指导调压措施的进一步实施。     

Trace metals: Inputs, sedimentation and accumulation in San Vicente Bay, Chile

The present study deals with sediment dynamics affecting sediment-associated metal distributions in an embayment system experiencing pollution from coastal industries. Sedimentary metal content may originate from diagenetic processes of foundation rock on the bottom, allochthonous minerals from natural sources, and metals from industrial effluents along the coast. The study presents experimental estimations of quantities of metals entering the bay in industrial wastewater, measurements of metal content in particulate material captured in sediment traps, and metals distribution in surface sediments. Quantitative estimations of metals entering the system in industrial effluent showed the relation Pb Zn > Cu > Cr Ni > Cd. That of metals associated with particulate material from traps was Zn > Cr Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd and the abundance of metals in sediments was Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd. Finally, rates of bottom sediment accumulation are estimated in relation to the time of residence of water in the bay. The experimental data on sedimentation and sediment abundance were consistent with field observations on distribution and accumulation at sites of major sedimentation in this bay.     

包气带中造纸废水COD天然生物降解作用

通过野外试验和土柱实验,研究了造纸废水渠底部包气带中,天然形成的生化层分布特征及其对ＣＯＤ降解能力和机制．结果表明,包气带中生化层由生物氧化带和生物还原带组成,生化层的发育厚度受包气带厚度控制,当包气带厚度大于１０ｍ 时,生化层发育良好,对ＣＯＤ的降解率达到９７％ 以上．     

中国近海近岸海域沉积物环境质量

于１９９８年８～１０月，对中国海域沉积物污染进行了监测。结果表明，全国海区沉积物质量总体良好，个别近岸海区受到一定程度的重金属和有机污染，其中大连湾、锦州湾、辽河口、珠江口、北海近岸污染较重。     

与韧性剪切带有关的不同金矿化类型地质地球化学特征对比研究

与韧性剪切带有关的金矿化类型主要有蚀变糜棱岩型、构造蚀变岩型和石英脉型。不同金矿化类型具有不同的控矿构造类型 ,蚀变糜棱岩型金矿化受韧性变形带控制 ,构造蚀变岩型金矿化受脆性碎裂岩控制 ,石英脉型金矿化则受浅部裂隙带控制 ;未矿化糜棱岩变形越强 ,金元素含量就越低 ,超糜棱岩明显低于粗糜棱岩 ,但强烈变形的糜棱岩容易叠加后期的矿化蚀变 ;在时空关系上 ,同一成矿期内石英脉型金矿化稍晚于构造蚀变岩型和蚀变糜棱岩型金矿化 ,且石英脉型往往穿切蚀变糜棱岩型和构造蚀变岩型 ;在地球化学特征方面 ,与构造蚀变岩型和蚀变糜棱岩型相比 ,石英脉型的轻重稀土元素比值较大 ,更富集轻同位素 ;在成矿物理化学条件方面 ,与构造蚀变岩型和蚀变糜棱岩型相比 ,石英脉型的成矿温度低、压力小、成矿深度浅。从构造带成生演化的时空统一的角度分析可知 ,这三类金矿化都是在造山过程中韧性剪切带持续演化变形的条件下形成的 ,这种韧性剪切带持续演化变形是形成大型金矿床的重要条件之一。     

沈阳经济技术开发区环境质量现状分析

通过近５年的环境监测数据，分析了沈阳经济技术开发区环境质量的现状及变化趋势，同时进行了经济增长趋势与环境质量变化趋势对比。得出了比较明确的结论，为开发区发展决策提供了环境保护方面科学的参考依据。     

江西九瑞地区铜多金属矿整装勘查区成矿规律与找矿靶区优选

江西九瑞地区铜多金属矿整装勘查区为全国47个整装勘查区之一,是我国重要的铜金铅锌矿集区。通过对成矿地质条件分析和最新地质找矿成果研究,本文总结了区内成矿规律、北西向构造、燕山期花岗闪长斑岩等为区内铜金多金属矿成矿重要条件,同时认为北东东向构造-岩浆岩带为重要的成矿远景区,并优选出城门山矿区及外围、宋家湾-武山矿区及外围、彭山地区、邓家山-通江岭、宝山-大桥地区、大浪-洋鸡山丁家山等铜金铅锌矿找矿靶区。