算术平均值及其分布

平均值和标准偏差是误差理论和数理统计理论中的两个核心问题.平均值的计算方法虽然简单,但是,它的内涵却并不是十分简单.本文以通俗的语言对平均值的本质作了深入浅出的介绍.     

CODcr测定中氯离子的影响及消除

根据油田采出水中氯离子含量高，对COD_(Cr)测定影响较大的特点，通过实验探讨高含氯对测定污水CODCr的影响及消除其影响的方法。实验结果表明，对高含氯、低CODCr的污水用国标方法测定CODCr时会产生较大误差，且误差随氯离子含量的增加而增大；采用不掩蔽氯离子测污水CODCr总量，再用CODCr总量减去氯离子产生CODCr量的方法，则能反映污水的真实CODCr值，误差小一些。     

垃圾焚烧炉烟气净化系统的工艺分析

通过对已有垃圾焚烧烟气净化处理装置的工艺及出口排放的参数分析,提出目前适合的处理工艺及发展方向。     

重型机动车比功率计算方法研究

在交通环境领域,利用比功率进行机动车排放量化是近年来一个研究热点.本文阐述了比功率公式的来源及其基本理论,对比功率系数取值问题进行了深人研究;同时依据国内情况探讨了我国重型机动车不同车重区间下的比功率计算公式,利用实测数据对比分析了不同比功率算法的结果,并重点分析了利用轻型车比功率算法计算重型车比功率所产生的误差,结果...     

Fire and risk analysis during loading and unloading operation in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) bottling plant

The article focuses on analyzing risks associated with the gas transfer operation in a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) bottling plant in India. The transfer operations involve transferring liquified gas from the transport tanker to the underground storage tank. Due to the rapid expansion of the cities, many LPG bottling plants in India got surrounded by residential areas and business centers. Moreover, to maintain the supply chain, the frequency of the transfer operations at the bottling plant also increased. In this scenario, an accidental release of LPG during the transfer operation may lead to various consequences such as a pool fire, a fireball, and even a catastrophic rupture of the tank with a successive explosion of its contents. In the study, the operations involved in bottling plants are classified into different hazard zones and analyzed. The probability of occurrence of events leading to an accident is modeled using modeling tools such as ALOHA and PHAST. The consequences of an accident following various events, such as jet fire, fireball, etc., are modeled, and the simulation results are compared. The thermal radiation has been estimated as 4–40 kW/m², which could adversely affect the nearby population and could result in damaging plant machinery and equipment.     

地勘行业人因失误的影响因素及管理对策

地勘行业是矿产资源开发的龙头,对国民经济的发展具有重要的作用。通过对地勘行业人因失误的类型和影响因素进行分析,从而提出了相应的管理对策,对加强地勘行业的安全管理,促进地勘经济的长足发展具有重要的意义。     

反距离加权法天气衍生品空间基差风险对冲效果

天气衍生品作为一项金融创新产品,为天气风险的管理和转移提供了新的途径.与传统衍生品不同的是,天气衍生品合约标的物是常见的天气变量,本身不具有资产价格,因此面临的并不是传统意义上的基差风险.天气衍生品的基差风险包括产品基差风险和空间基差风险,这些基差风险严重影响着天气衍生品的风险对冲效果,阻碍了市场发展,也是研究的重点与难点.相比产品基差风险因特定部门而异,空间基差风险具有不可避免的特点.依据反距离加权法,增加空间多样性构建天气衍生品组合,可用于对冲空间基差风险,但需要经验数据验证.研究表明,天气衍生品收益与假设收益的均方根误差(RMSE)能够很好的量化天气敏感企业遇到的天气风险,天气风险对冲效果可以通过RMSE的变化值进行度量;构建中国华东地区降雨量看跌期权交易,相较单一地区收益偏差,期权买方采用空间组合策略取得了更好的空间基差风险对冲效果.此外,研究结果发现,在构建天气衍生品空间组合时,组合中气象观测点的数目并不是越多越好,即较少的观测点个数即能显著降低天气风险对冲效果,这也为实践操作提供了便利.     

BOD_5快速测定法

寻求BOD生化过程动力学方程,依据广泛性的、相关性很好的多组实验数据(X,Y),建立回归方程用于计算BOD5。本法仍以国标GB/T7488-1987为依据,仅以较少培养时间的BOD值推算得BOD5值。BOD5的计算值与其实测值间的相对误差<5%。     

Heavy metal analysis in fish‐kill cases in rivers in Guipuzcoa (Spain)∗

Some fish‐kills in Basque rivers were studied by gill tissue analysis: Samples were wet digested and the solution was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In three cases, the cause was linked to the effluents of an aluminium anodizing factory, cyanide caused one kill and copper wastes were related with another. Three cases were attributed to natural reasons and one of the kills was of unknown origin.     

基于CREAM方法的人因失效概率预测模型研究

认知可靠性与差错分析方法(CREAM)是第二代人因可靠性分析方法中的代表方法之一,通过对任务环境进行分析从而直接确定人为差错发生概率。本文分析了该方法及其后续研究在人因可靠度评估时存在的主要问题,并以CREAM方法为基础建立新的人因失效概率预测模型。模型首先要求有针对性的对具体任务环境确定通用性能影响因子(CPC)权重,然后通过对CPC进行打分对任务环境进行量化,通过加权求和的方式分别计算出CPC的改进总分值G和降低总分值J,最后运用新建的预测模型计算出人因失效概率。新模型提出了三点改进:第一将任务环境设定为连续的空间;第二提出了不同的工作环境(任务环境)应该有其对应的CPC因子权重;第三考虑正影响CPC因子和负影响CPC因子的双重影响,建立双变量预测模型,预测结果更加合理。