突发事件应对的物资保障分析

从突发事件应对物资保障的特征与价值入手,提出突发事件应对物资保障的基本要求;根据当前我国突发事件应对的物资保障中暴露出来的问题,揭示引发当前突发事件应对物资保障不足的深层次原因;从应对物资的需求、筹集、配置、调度等方面分析,提出我国突发事件应对的物资保障体系的架构设想。有关研究成果将对我国突发事件应对物资保障具有一定的启发和参考意义。     

浅谈堆肥设备

随着堆肥技术在不同固体废弃物处理中的广泛应用,与之相关的堆肥设备得到了极大的发展,堆肥设备包括物料处理、翻堆、反应器和除臭设备。家庭堆肥器和小容量反应器堆肥系统是堆肥设备新的发展趋势。     

A hybrid model based on smooth transition periodic autoregressive and Elman artificial neural network for wind speed forecasting of the Hebei region in China

Wind energy, one of the most promising renewable and clean energy sources, is becoming increasingly significant for sustainable energy development and environmental protection. Given the relationship between wind power and wind speed, precise prediction of wind speed for wind energy estimation and wind power generation is important. For proper and efficient evaluation of wind speed, a smooth transition periodic autoregressive (STPAR) model is developed to predict the six-hourly wind speeds. In addition, the Elman artificial neural network (EANN)-based error correction technique has also been integrated into the new STPAR model to improve model performance. To verify the developed approach, the six-hourly wind speed series during the period of 2000–2009 in the Hebei region of China is used for model construction and model testing. The proposed EANN-STPAR hybrid model has demonstrated its powerful forecasting capacity for wind speed series with complicated characteristics of linearity, seasonality and nonlinearity, which indicates that the proposed hybrid model is notably efficient and practical for wind speed forecasting, especially for the Hebei wind farms of China.     

Estimating the Variability and Confidence of Land Use and Imperviousness Relationships at a Regional Scale1

Abstract: Impervious cover is a commonly used metric to help explain or predict anthropogenic impacts on aquatic resources; often it is used as a surrogate for intensity of human impacts when evaluating effects on aquatic resources. The most common way to estimate imperviousness is based on relationships with land use. Few studies have evaluated how the relationship between impervious surface and land use varies among geographies with different levels of development and between types of imagery used to assign land use type. In this study, we assess variability in estimates of imperviousness based on two locally available land use datasets: one based on aerial imagery (2‐m resolution) and another based on satellite imagery (30‐m resolution). The ranges and variability in imperviousness within land use categories were assessed at several spatial scales, including within counties, between counties, and between watersheds. Results indicate that there was considerable variability for all developed land use types. Estimated impervious cover often varied over a range of 20‐40% points within a land use category. Furthermore, there were clear spatial patterns both between and within counties, with impervious cover for a given land use type being higher near the urban centers and lower at the margins of development. Estimates of imperviousness for 12 study watersheds indicated that variability increased with increasing watershed development, making it difficult to confidently set management or regulatory targets based on impervious cover. This study suggests that locally derived, high resolution satellite or aerial imagery should be used to estimate imperviousness when a high level of accuracy and precision is required for regulatory or management decisions. Furthermore, the error associated with impervious land use relationships should be accounted for when using impervious cover in runoff or water quality models, or when making management decisions regarding stream health.     

基于AlphaPose与REBA的手工搬运作业姿势风险评估方法

为有效预防职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs),提出基于计算机视觉技术与快速全身评估(REBA)结合的作业姿势评估方法,以手工搬运作业为例,通过人体姿态识别AlphaPose模型检测作业姿势,利用提取的各关节点空间位置信息计算身体各部位关节角度;利用SG滤波法处理身体遮挡、光线等对数据的影响,有效保留数据变化信息的同时消除数据突变;根据身体关节角度范围与危害程度对应关系自动评判作业姿势的风险大小。研究结果表明：作业姿势评估方法可通过采集的视频数据自动评估搬运作业的姿势危险性,降低WMSDs风险,通过分析不同下蹲取物姿势风险,可论证作业姿势评估方法的可行性,为及时改善搬运作业中的不安全动作提供参考。     

人为失误及其辨识技术的研究

随着机器设备的可靠性不断提高，人的可靠性分析研究日益得到重视。大部分事故是由于人为失误造成的。分析了人为失误与事故发生的关系，讨论了管理失误对系统安全的影响；讨论了人为失误辨识的作用，对人为失误率预测技术、通过失误建模系统、人为失误率评价和优化系统等几种的人为失误辨识技术进行了评述。指出了人为失误及其辨识技术的发展趋势和方向。     

基于直觉三角模糊TOPSIS的高铁列车调度指挥人因失误风险排序

针对高速铁路调度指挥人因风险排序问题,从人因失误概率、人因失误探测度、人因失误重要度和事故严酷度四个方面构建风险评价指标体系。考虑到人因风险指标的模糊性和不确定性,用直觉三角模糊数描述各指标值,基于直觉模糊熵计算指标客观权重,然后建立基于TOPSIS法的高铁列车调度指挥人因失误风险排序模型。最后,基于实例验证了排序模型的实用性。     

3种人工草地不同植被覆盖度实地测量方法比较

植被覆盖度是植被垂直投影面积占统计区域面积百分比;理想覆盖度实地测量方法耗时短,工具简单,结果准确,受人为因素影响小.以结缕草(Zoysia japonica)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)和雀稗(Paspalum thunbergii)人工草地为研究对象,以照相法测量值为参考,比较样线法、目估法、样针法...     

土壤中挥发酚的测定及质量控制

采用分光光度法测定土壤中的挥发酚，详细介绍了样品预处理方法，分析过程中的质量控制及土壤中有机物、矿物油对测定干扰的消除方法。分析结果表明：平行双样的相对偏差都低于其最大允许值，加标回收率在78.6％～81．7％范围内，测定结果具有较好的精密度和准确度。     

基于集合卡尔曼滤波的区域臭氧资料同化试验

基于集合卡尔曼滤波方法和嵌套网格空气质量模式系统建立了一个区域空气质量资料同化系统(RAQDAS),并利用该系统开展了京津冀地区2008年北京奥运会期间的地面臭氧观测资料同化试验,分析了同化系统订正臭氧初始场对24 h臭氧预报的影响.试验结果表明采用50个集合样本的集合卡尔曼滤波同化不仅改进了观测站点的臭氧预报,也提高了观测以外区域的臭氧预报技巧,使得臭氧预报的均方根误差平均下降了15％,并且当集合样本数减小到20时也可达到相近的预报改进效果.为了解决滤波发散问题,分别采用了放大集合离散度和扰动模式误差源两种方法.其中放大集合离散度能避免滤波发散,但没有提高臭氧预报技巧,反而导致预报误差的增加;扰动模式误差源不仅解决了滤波发散问题,也使同化导致的臭氧预报均方根误差下降比例从15％进一步提高到20％.