含油污泥石油醚浸提技术研究

采用石油醚浸提技术对含油率为50.1%的污泥进行处理,以回收原油.当温度为45 ℃,搅拌时间为5 min,水加入量为20 mL(pH值为9),石油醚加入量为9 mL时,油去除率为93.70%.采用气相-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪对石油醚浸提回收的废油进行定性分析并与原油进行了对比,证明该工艺可以有效保证回收废油的油品质量.     

颗粒活性炭去除水中甲基叔丁基醚的可行性研究

随着甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）作为汽油添加剂被持续大量使用,其已成为一种地下水中常见的有机污染物。本文通过纯净水、自来水和地下水中MTBE的平衡吸附容量和微型快速穿透实验（MCRB）,比较了5种不同种类活性炭对MTBE的吸附性能。结果显示,苯酚值可准确预测活性炭样品对MTBE的平衡吸附容量大小次序,而丹宁酸值则可大致估计活性炭在实际处理应用时的吸附速度和吸附容量利用率。水样中共存的有机成分降低了活性炭对纯净水中MTBE的吸附容量,在背景TOC较低的去离子水中,活性炭对于MTBE的吸附性能反而比在地下水中降低得更多。穿透实验数据显示双柱串联的处理方式是高效应用活性炭吸附水中MTBE的优选工艺。使用环境友好的竹质活性炭去除地下水中MTBE具有良好的可行性和较高的性价比。     

SPEEK涂层纳滤膜处理草甘膦废水

以聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜为基膜,采用涂层法制备磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)中空纤维复合纳滤膜,研究其对草甘膦的浓缩和去除。考察了该膜在浓缩草甘膦模拟废水中的操作条件,如跨膜压力、进料浓度、进料pH和离子强度等对通量和截留率的影响。结果表明,随跨膜压力的增加,草甘膦的截留率和水通量均增加,当跨膜压力由0.3 MPa增加到0.8 MPa时,水通量由34.0 L/(m2.h)增加至98.0 L/(m2·h),截留率高于98%;增加进料浓度和离子强度,截留率和通量均减小,当进料浓度由100 mg/L增至1 000 mg/L,水通量降低12.4%,截留率降低8.4%;而pH由3.0升至11.0时,截留率增加,但通量几乎不变。当把该膜材料用于浓缩含高浓度NaCl的草甘膦母液时,发现在0.5 MPa压力和pH=11.0下,复合纳滤膜对NaCl的截留率低于20%,对草甘膦的截留率可达90%。这说明该复合纳滤膜可以把草甘膦与NaCl有效分离开来,为草甘膦的回收利用提供了基础。     

十溴联苯醚(BDE 209)孕哺期及出生后暴露对子代小鼠血液系统影响初探

本研究旨在探讨BDE 209长期暴露对出生后不同发育阶段子鼠血液系统的影响。将75只雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组(1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)和高剂量组(225 mg·kg-1·d-1)。BDE 209暴露10 d后,将雌鼠与雄鼠合笼。选取怀孕时间相近(相差不过2 d)的10只孕鼠持续染毒直至自然分娩。出生后子鼠在哺乳期通过母乳染毒,断乳后则按照与母鼠相同的方式进行染毒,并在不同时间点进行外周血常规、外周血形态学、骨髓细胞形态学、骨髓细胞染色体组型和数目分析。血常规结果显示,低、高剂量BDE 209暴露对出生后不同发育阶段子鼠的白细胞计数没有影响,即白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及单核细胞的数量均无显著变化(P0.05);红细胞系统检查显示一定性别差异,即低剂量和高剂量BDE 209染毒的雄性小鼠在PND30出现红细胞(RBC)(P0.05)、血红蛋白(Hb)(P0.05或P0.01)及红细胞压积(P0.05或P0.01)的显著降低;而雌性小鼠只在PND 30出现红细胞压积的降低(P0.05);在PND 30,高剂量暴露组的雌性及雄性小鼠,低剂量暴露组的雌性小鼠均出现血小板计数的显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);而PND 60、PND 90的实验组血小板均未观察到显著改变(P0.05)。外周血形态学检查表明,低剂量组在PND 30、PND 60,及高剂量组在PND 90检测到典型异常结果多表现为白细胞数的增多。而低剂量组在PND 90检测到的典型异常结果多表现为异型深染淋巴细胞(P0.05)。骨髓形态学检测表明,低剂量组子代雄性及雌性小鼠在PND 60、PND 90骨髓涂片可检测到骨髓细胞的异常结果,表现为骨髓增生活跃,高剂量组雄性小鼠在PND 90观察到3例异常涂片,表现为骨髓增生异常(P0.05)。研究结果表明,BDE 209长期暴露可能导致出生子代外周血和骨髓的毒性,提示具有血液系统发育毒性。     

水中油的测定方法探讨

探讨了重量法，紫外光度法测定水中石油类的合适条件和动物油，植物油的干扰。按选定的操作方法测定，取得了满意结果。提供了一个处理石油醚的简单方法。     

Synthesis and biological activities of new azacrown ether Schiff bases and spectrophotometric studies of their complexation with [60]fullerene

A series of novel azacrown ether Schiff bases 1–3 have been synthesized in good yield and in a simple way. Their host–guest interaction with [60]fullerene has been studied in toluene by absorption spectroscopic method. All the complexes are found to be stable with 1:1 stoichiometry. Because of their potential applications in industry, agriculture and medicine, they were investigated for their mutagenic and antimutagenic activities using the spot test and the plate incorporation assay of Ames. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were found to be nonmutagenic in the Ames test using strains TA 1535, TA100 and TA97a of Salmonella typhimurium. However, using strain TA102 revealed that, although both compounds 1 and 2 were nonmutagenic, compound 2 gave a positive response indicating that it acts as an oxidative mutagen. The structure-activity relationship may throw some light on the biological activity of such series of compounds.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments of the Daliao River Estuary, China: levels, distribution and their influencing factors

The concentrations, compositional profiles, possible sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments of the Daliao River Estuary as well as the factors influencing the distribution of PBDEs were investigated. The total concentrations of PBDEs ranged from 0.13 to 1.98 ng g⁻¹ d.w. BDE209 was the dominating congener in all sediment samples, indicating the pollution of PBDEs in the Daliao River Estuary mainly came from the use of deca-BDE commercial mixtures. The intrusion of sea waters promoted the deposition of the colloid-associated PBDEs in the estuary. There were significantly negative correlations between PBDE concentration in sediment with pH value and salinity in the bottom water. The higher river flow in the flood season (summer) obviously accelerated the transport of PBDEs, and thereby increased the risk of PBDE contamination to the deep ocean. Moreover, a positive correlation between TOC and PBDE distributions was observed, suggesting that TOC regulated the distributions of PBDEs in sediments of Daliao River Estuary.     

铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法降解水中的十溴联苯醚

采用铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法降解模拟废水中的十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)。探索了铁碳微电解法降解BDE-209的影响因素,考察了铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法对BDE-209的降解效果。实验结果表明:在模拟废水BDE-209质量浓度为1 mg/L、初始废水p H为2.0、铁碳质量比为1∶1、铁粉投加量为12 g/L、微电解温度为40 oC、微电解时间为60 min的条件下,铁碳微电解法的BDE-209降解率达到82.5%;当H2O2溶液投加量为4 m L/L时,铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法的BDE-209降解率达到95.7%。说明添加H2O2的Fenton体系对BDE-209的降解有明显促进作用。     

生物滤池-接触氧化工艺处理醇醚表面活性剂废水

介绍抚顺醇醚化学厂醇醚生产废水的排放与水质特点 ,结合工艺流程介绍处理工艺设计和技术参数。几年来的运行结果表明 ,采用生物滤池 生物接触氧化 纤维球过滤三级工艺处理醇醚表面活性剂废水 ,处理效果良好 ,出水CODCr<10 0mg/L ,SS <15mg/L ,滤后水可用于厂区绿化。     

土壤粒径及有机质对多溴二苯醚热脱附的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了土壤粒径与土壤有机质含量对多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)热脱附的影响,以期为PBDEs污染土壤热脱附修复提供理论依据。实验结果表明,300℃停留30 min条件下,粒径为<75、75～125、125～250、250～425和425～850μm的土壤中PBDEs去除率分别为49.53%、73.88%、79.39%、83.56%和87.09%,PBDEs总去除率随粒径的增大而增大,土壤BDE209较BDE206、BDE207和BDE208更易于脱除。此外,温度低于450℃时,H2O2氧化部分去除有机质后土壤中PBDEs的去除率较原土高;表明,土壤有机质可能抑制土壤中PBDEs的热脱附。