十溴联苯醚对土壤酶活性及土壤呼吸强度的影响

采用室内模拟试验考察十溴联苯醚对土壤呼吸强度和土壤脲酶活性、磷酸酶活性及过氧化氢酶活性的影响,探讨十溴联苯醚外源化学物质对土壤环境的生态效应.结果表明,在w(十溴联苯醚)为10,100和500 mg/kg的条件下,十溴联苯醚对土壤呼吸强度和土壤脲酶活性有显著的抑制作用,且随处理土壤样品中w(十溴联苯醚)的增加,抑制作用增强. 十溴联苯醚对过氧化氢酶活性的作用表现为先激活后抑制,而土壤磷酸酶活性对十溴联苯醚不敏感.十溴联苯醚对土壤生态系统具有一定的破坏作用.      

BDE-209对斑马鱼肠道的慢性毒性效应

以模式生物斑马鱼为研究对象,探究十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）慢性暴露对肠道组织的毒性效应及分子机制。将斑马鱼暴露于不同浓度的BDE-209〔6、60和600 μg/L,二甲基亚砜溶剂对照〕溶液中28 d,利用苏木精-伊红染色对斑马鱼肠道组织进行病理学检查,并通过生物化学指标和ELISA试验对肠道内氧化应激和炎症反应相关生物标志物含量进行分析,通过实时荧光定量 PCR 分析肠道屏障、炎症反应和细胞凋亡相关基因的相对表达量。结果表明：BDE-209暴露造成了斑马鱼肠壁变薄、肠绒毛和肠壁外纵肌内空泡化增多以及肠壁和肠绒毛纤毛破损,同时通过下调肠道内ZO-1、Claudin-2和Tjp2a的mRNA相对表达量影响了肠道的物理屏障功能。BDE-209暴露导致肠道内活性氧、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的含量增加,表明BDE-209暴露造成了肠道内氧化应激。此外,BDE-209暴露导致促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素1β的含量以及肠道内脂多糖含量升高,加重了肠道的炎症反应,并导致p53、Bax、Caspase3基因表达上调和Bcl2基因表达下调,促进了斑马鱼肠道的细胞凋亡。

     

Sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether

The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high (2.00×104 mg/L) to low (2 mg/L). The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was in the range 1.00×104-2.00×104 mg/L (the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5). Low concentrations (2-500 mg/L) stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% w...     

沉积物中不同浓度多壁碳纳米管对Cd和BDE-47生态毒性的影响

随着碳纳米管的广泛应用,其将不可避免地进入环境中.由于其具有极好的吸附亲和力和吸附容量,碳纳米管可以充当环境中持久性有毒污染物的载体,从而改变共存污染物的生物有效性和生态毒性.为评价淡水沉积物中不同多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对Cd和BDE-47生态毒性的影响,采用沉积物慢性生物测试研究了不同浓度MWCNTs存在下Cd和BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏抗氧化防御系统关键成分超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与Ⅱ相解毒反应的关键酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)以及脂质过氧化损伤指标丙二醛(MDA)的影响.结果表明,沉积物中低浓度MWCNTs(0.5 mg·g~(-1))增强Cd对铜锈环棱螺的氧化胁迫,中、高浓度(5、50 mg·g~(-1))MWCNTs引起Cd对铜锈环棱螺的氧化损伤,MWCNTs的存在显著增强了沉积物中Cd对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,而且具有浓度-效应关系;低浓度MWCNTs不影响BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,中、高浓度MWCNTs显著降低BDE-47的毒性,同样具有明显的浓度-效应关系.因此,在评价MWCNTs的潜在环境风险时,不仅考虑MWCNTs自身的毒性,还应当考虑MWCNTs的浓度、共存污染物的种类和MWCNTs与共存污染物之间的相互作用.     

高性能聚醚醚酮紫外光加速老化行为研究

目的 研究特种工程塑料聚醚醚酮(PEEK)在紫外光照射实验室加速条件下的老化行为。方法 对PEEK塑料采取紫外线光老化方式进行试验,对老化前后的样品进行外观变化、力学性能、热性能、微观结构表征与分析,明确紫外环境因素对材料的性能影响,进而确定PEEK塑料在紫外光条件下的老化行为。结果 随着紫外光老化时间的增加,PEEK样品表面变黄,颜色加深,出现鼓包与裂纹等宏观与微观损伤。样品内部力学性能、热性能、红外特征吸收峰、元素含量与价态没有明显变化,样品表面热性能下降,傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)特征吸收峰变化明显。结论 PEEK塑料表面对紫外光比较敏感,在紫外光的照射下容易发生表层的分解,短时间内不会引起材料整体热性能及力学性能的明显变化。     

电动力学作用下多溴联苯醚在土壤中的迁移特性

以4,4′-二溴联苯醚(BDE-15)为研究对象,探讨了电极电压、初始土壤pH、β-环糊精加入量、NaCl加入量等工艺条件对多溴联苯醚在土壤中迁移效果的影响。实验结果表明:在电极电压为5~15V范围内,随着电极电压的升高,土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果增强;初始土壤为酸性时、加入β-环糊精或NaCl后,土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果均增强。本实验选择的最佳工作条件为:电极电压15V,初始土壤pH3,β-环糊精的加入量3g,NaCl加入量5g。     

Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

十溴联苯醚共存条件下水中Zn(Ⅱ)的生物吸附

研究了十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)共存条件下嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对水中Zn2+的吸附特性,并通过对菌体进行失活处理、红外光谱和X-光电子能谱分析,探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,Zn2+的吸附符合Freundlich吸附模式;嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对Zn2+吸附作用明显,2.5 g/L菌体在2 h时,对初始浓度为2.0 mg/L Zn2+的去除率达92%。BDE-209对菌体吸附Zn2+有一定的抑制作用。各因素对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌吸附Zn2+的影响程度由大到小依次为:投菌量>pH>BDE-209浓度。菌体对Zn2+的吸附除表面吸附外,还存在跨细胞壁细胞膜的主动运输和积累等作用。菌体中的酰胺基与羟基均参与了Zn2+吸附,而且菌体表面Ca2+与Zn2+发生了离子交换,吸附后Zn2+的价态不变。     

Visible light-assisted photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants using nitrogen-doped titania

An experimental research into the aqueous photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of organic groundwater pollutants, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-butyl alcohol, phenol, humic substances, 2-ethoxy ethanol and ethylene glycol was undertaken using visible light-sensitive nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Nitrogen-doped titania proved to be an effective photocatalyst for MTBE with its action comparable to and even surpassing that of Degussa P25. In contrast, with the other substances the photocatalysts showed negligible activity. This difference was explained by the poor adsorption properties of N-doped catalysts. The predominance of different PCO mechanisms dependent of the surface properties of N-TiO₂ catalysts was elucidated.     

代谢活化作用对多溴代联苯类污染物类/抗甲状腺激素活性的影响

选用大鼠肝匀浆(S9)和鼠肝癌细胞(H4ⅡE)两种体系代谢活化多溴代联苯醚混标(BDEs)和十溴联苯醚(BDE209),采用重组甲状腺激素受体基因酵母检测BDEs和BDE209母体及其代谢产物的类/抗甲状腺激素效应.结果表明,BDEs和BDE209母体均不表现甲状腺激素效应(p>0.05);但是经S9和H4ⅡE细胞代谢活化后,其代谢产物表现出明显的类甲状腺激素活性和抗甲状腺激素活性(p<0.05),BDEs和BDE209的干扰甲状腺激素效应需要经过代谢活化步骤.比较不同代谢活化体系,重组酵母细胞本身的代谢活化作用并不显著,而H4ⅡE细胞和S9代谢活化体系均能够导致活性中间体.