免耕生态系统中土壤动物对土壤养分影响的研究

对紫色水稻土自然免耕生态系统中土壤动物群落结构的变化及其对土壤养分的影响进行了调查研究。结果表明．水稻土免耕耕作制度有利于土壤动物的生长繁殖．并能改善土壤化学性质。土壤动物平均密度是垄作免耕＞垄作常耕＞平作免耕＞平作常耕。免耕土壤中有效氮、有效磷、有效钾和有机质含量均分别高于常耕土壤。     

铝—溴邻苯三酚红—乙基紫—明胶显色体系的研究及应用

探讨了在明胶存在下，铝-溴邻苯三酚红（简称BPR）-乙基紫（简称EV）体系产生的协同显色反应条件。结果表明，在pH4．2～5．2的HAc－NaAc缓冲介质中，铝与BPR－EV形成离子型缔合物的最大吸收峰在615nm处，摩尔吸光系数为4．05×104L·mol-1·cm-1，铝含量在0～10μg／25ml遵循比耳定律．方法选择性好，可用于茶叶和铝锅沸水中铝含量分析，结果令人满意．     

Synthesis and characterisation of potassium polytitanate for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet

Potassium titanate nanostructures were synthesised by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 （P25） in KOH and H2O2. As-produced powders were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. Longitudinally-oriented-wire-like structures with a length up to several micrometres and diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm were obtained. Larger size fibrous nanowires resulting from the hydrotherrnal treatment showed high affinity in adsorbing crystal violet （CV）, which was mainly due to their high surface area. The photocatalytic bleaching of CV solution revealed that the wires are photoactive under ultraviolet light irradiation. Macroporous nanowires are considered as effective adsorbents of CV, capable of photocatalvtic degradation, and they can be easily separated from the solution by settling.     

壳聚糖吸附印染废水中结晶紫效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖对染料结晶紫的吸附条件,探讨了壳聚糖添加量、结晶紫溶液初始浓度、温度等因素对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随着壳聚糖添加量的增加,其对结晶紫的吸附能力也增强;吸附量随结晶紫初始质量浓度的增加而增大,溶液中结晶紫的去除率随其初始浓度的增加也呈缓慢增加趋势;随着吸附温度从30℃升高到50℃,壳聚糖对结晶紫溶液的平衡吸附量有所减少。壳聚糖对结晶紫的吸附动力学符合Lagergren方程二级吸附模型和Elovich方程,吸附过程的表观活化能（Ea）为7．24kJ／mol。     

气相色谱法同时测定空气中乙酸甲西旨和乙酸乙酯

建立了用气相色谱法测定空气中乙酸甲酯和乙酸乙酯的方法。本方法前处理简便,分离度好,干扰少,分析灵敏度高,有机试剂使用量少,满足环境分析要求。     

Calorimetric studies on the thermal stability of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) formulations

The energetic decomposition of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and its formulations have long been known to present a significant risk. Indeed, MEKP has the highest number of reported decomposition incidents of all organic peroxides, many of which have led to significant numbers of fatalities, injuries and damage. It is noteworthy that incidents have been reported at all stages of the product lifecycle.This paper is derived from incident-investigation work and provides a summary of serious incidents involving MEKP, followed by details of calorimetric experiments performed to investigate thermal stability of representative MEKP formulations containing varying amounts of MEKP monomer. In particular we report the wide degree of variation that exists between commercial MEKP formulations, even between materials that are of the same nominal formulation. Such variations are detectable using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Follow-up studies performed on a representative MEKP formulation containing MEKP monomer indicate that a risk of decomposition exists at temperatures well below the reported self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of the products. As such, the experimental results reported here suggest that lower storage temperatures (commonly recommended by manufacturers to maximise shelf life) should be considered as being essential throughout the product lifecycle to reduce the risk of accidents in storage and transportation.     

Effects of ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) on the growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum

We investigated the effects of ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) on growth of the marine diatom algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) and Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum). Growth of P. tricornutum was significantly inhibited by the minimum concentration (3.5 mmol·L ^?1) of EMA at lower initial algal densities (IADs) (3.6×10⁴ and 3.3×10⁵ cells·mL ^?1). However, at the highest IAD, significant growth inhibition was found at above 7 mmol·L ^?1 of EMA exposure. In S. costatum, EMA concentrations of 10.5 mmol·L ^?1 or more significantly inhibited growth at lower IAD (3×10⁴ and 1.8×10⁵ cells·mL ^?1); at the highest IAD, only EMA concentrations above 14 mmol·L ^?1 obviously inhibited the growth of S. costatum. Changes in specific growth rates and pigment were consistent with algal growth, but only at higher EMA concentrations or lower IAD values was the ratio of chlorophyll a (Chla) to carotenoid significantly lower than the control. Medium effective concentration (EC ₅₀) values were in the order 4.07, 8.03 and 12.27 mmol·L ^?1 for P. tricornutum and 7.48, 11.92 and 17.22 mmol·L ^?1 for S. costatum. All these results show that the effect of EMA on the growth of algae was species specific and mainly depended on IAD, which might be an important factor to influence algal growth.     

The metabolism and distribution of [14C‐phenyl]‐ethyl parathion in a tropical soil under field conditions

The persistence, distribution and metabolism of [^l4C‐phenyl]‐ethyl parathion applied to soil columns in an agricultural farm were investigated under tropical field conditions. Volatilization, soil microbial activity, moisture levels and pH were found to influence the persistence, distribution and metabolism of this pesticide in the soil. There was rapid distribution of the pesticide in the soil matrix with time resulting in high levels of bound residues which reduced the overall rate of disappearance of parathion residues from the soil. The soil was slightly acidic but the metabolites, paraoxon, p‐nitrophenol and p‐aminophenol were detected in the soil extracts 7 days after pesticide application. After 72 days, 43.7% of the applied pesticide remained in soil composed of 18.9% extractable and 24.8% bound residues. A mechanism for the metabolism of ethyl parathion in this soil is given.     

低温等离子体结合锰基催化剂去除乙酸乙酯的研究

利用固态法和溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了钙钛矿（LaMnO₃）和八面体分子筛（OMS）两种锰基催化剂,在不同工况（输入电压、初始浓度、停留时间和催化剂放置量）条件下考察了等离子体催化对乙酸乙酯的降解特性.结果发现,锰基催化剂的加入显著提高了乙酸乙酯的去除率,减少了副产物的生成,并且OMS的催化活性高于LaMnO₃;此外,乙酸乙酯去除率随着电压的升高而增加,随着污染物初始浓度的增大而减少,并随停留时间的增长而变大;催化剂放置量为0.2 g时催化效果最佳.OMS催化剂在等离子体催化长期运行过程中表现出较好的稳定性.基于X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、比表面积测试（BET）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段对锰基催化剂物理化学性质的分析表明,OMS具有较高的催化活性主要归功于其拥有更高比例的Mn⁴⁺/（Mn³⁺+Mn⁴⁺）和吸附氧（O_ads）/晶格氧（O_latt）.     

水中油类紫外荧光法在线仪器的性能评价

阐述了用紫外荧光法在线仪器测量地表水油类的可行性及局限性。对紫外荧光法水中油类监测仪进行性能评价,结果显示该仪器测试线性好,性能稳定,但准确度较差,适合用在在线预警监测项目中。