第一菊酸乙酯生产废水处理

采用“Fenton反应好氧生物接触氧化”工艺处理第一菊酸乙酯生产废水,确定了处理单元的设计参数;该工艺的CODCr、硝基苯、苯胺去除率分别为94%、78%、83%,出水水质符合(GB89781996)二级排放标准,实际运行效果稳定,运行成本适中,工程造价合理。     

水体中悬浮颗粒物对酞酸酯的吸附和解吸特性

选择水体中的悬浮颗粒物(SPM)--沉积颗粒物和浮游植物颗粒(铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻),研究它们对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的吸附和解吸行为.结果表明,SPM对DBP 和DEHP的吸附在很短的时间内即可达到平衡,沉积颗粒物约为2h,浮游植物颗粒约为0.5h;SPM对DEHP的吸附能力明显大于DBP;不同SPM对同一种化合物的吸附能力差异较大,这与颗粒物中有机质的类型和结构有关;在实验浓度范围内,SPM对DBP和DEHP的吸附和解吸等温线具有较好的线性关系,解吸过程存在明显的迟滞现象,且沉积颗粒物比浮游植物颗粒物具有明显的迟滞效应,DBP比DEHP具有较大程度的迟滞效应.     

Study of flotation conditions for cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions

Flotation conditions for cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions were investigated. Precipitate flotation techniques “of the first kind” (PFFK) and “of the second kind” (PFSK) were tested, using potassium ethyl xanthate (KEtX) as a precipitating agent for cadmium(II). The surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) were used as collectors for PFFK. The effects of KEtX and collector concentrations, induction time, bubbling time, solution pH and some foreign ions on cadmium(II) removal were studied. Under optimum conditions, cadmium(II) could be removed by PFFK by ∼93% and >99% using SDS and HDTMA, respectively. By PFSK, removal of about 64% for cadmium(II) was obtained. The two developed precipitate flotation methods were also tested for simultaneous removal of cadmium(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) from distilled water and tap water. The effectiveness of PFFK suggests its employment for metal-polluted wastewaters.     

Effluents from MBT plants: Plasma techniques for the treatment of VOCs

Mechanical–biological treatments (MBTs) of urban waste are growing in popularity in many European countries. Recent studies pointed out that their contribution in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other air pollutants is not negligible. Compared to classical removal technologies, non-thermal plasmas (NTP) showed better performances and low energy consumption when applied to treat lowly concentrated streams. Therefore, to study the feasibility of the application of NTP to MBTs, a Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactor was applied to treat a mixture of air and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), to simulate emissions from MBTs. The removal efficiency of MEK was linearly dependent upon time, power and specific input energy. Only 2–4% of MEK was converted to carbon dioxide (CO₂), the remaining carbon being involved in the formation of byproducts (methyl nitrate and 2,3-butanedione, especially). For future development of pilot-scale reactors, acting on residence time, power, convective flow and catalysts will help finding a compromise between energy consumption, desired abatement and selectivity to CO₂.     

化感物质肉桂酸乙酯对蛋白核小球藻生长及生理特性的影响

探讨了肉桂酸乙酯对蛋白核小球藻生长及生理特性的影响,从叶绿素a含量,抗氧化系酶活性,活性氧自由基(ROS)水平,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及光合活性的变化研究了其抑藻的生理生化机制.结果表明,肉桂酸乙酯对蛋白核小球藻具有快速抑制效应,随着浓度的增加抑制效果越明显.其96 h半效应浓度EC50值为5.45 mg·L-1.肉桂酸乙酯引起细胞内叶绿素a含量下降,活性氧(ROS)的过度累积和MDA含量的增加.由此,说明肉桂酸乙酯通过引起活性氧的过度产生,导致膜脂过氧化,引起藻细胞膜系统受损,代谢发生紊乱.为了清除ROS,细胞通过提高抗氧化系酶的活性来保护其免受氧化损伤.肉桂酸乙酯对蛋白核小球藻细胞光合系统Ⅱ的最大光化学量子产量和潜在活性具有一定的急性毒性效应,但随着时间的延长藻细胞可以通过自身调节在一定程度上恢复其光合活性.     

O3/UV反应体系的有机物消解动力学模型

为了提高O₃/UV（臭氧协同紫外）反应体系对有机物的消解效率,降低能源消耗,基于O₃分解的SHB机理和O₃、有机物在紫外辐射下的光解机理,并考虑该反应体系中存在的3种可能的有机物消解途径和反应器出口处O₃气体浓度变化,建立了O₃/UV反应体系的动力学模型.将该模型用于消解过程中有机物消解率变化规律的研究,进一步优化消解工艺参数.结果表明:使用苯酚和乙酸作为目标有机物,以该模型进行仿真,从理论上验证了O₃气体浓度与紫外辐射间存在协同作用和不同工艺参数下所建立模型的灵敏性;将该模型与其他模型、试验测量值进行对比,验证了其优越性和准确性;对比不同pH下的3种消解途径各自贡献率的仿真结果,发现O₃/UV反应体系的pH对其消解有机物效率具有重要影响.研究显示:在O₃/UV反应体系中,紫外辐射强度和投加的O₃气体浓度二者间具有协同作用,同时调节可获得更好的消解效果;在酸性条件下有机物消解以O₃直接氧化为主,碱性条件下则以自由基间接氧化为主.      

气相色谱法同时测定废气中的丙酮和丁酮

建立了用气相色谱法测定废气中丙酮和丁酮的方法。废气中丙酮和丁酮活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸,NNOWAX毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量,其丙酮回收率为91.6%～103.5%,丁酮回收率为90.2%～104.3%,当采样体积为30L,丙酮和丁酮最低检出质量浓度为0.001mg/m3。本方法前处理简便,分离度好干扰少,分析灵敏度高,有机试剂使用量少,满足环境分析要求。     

Ammonium sulfide-assisted hydrothermal activation of palygorskite for enhanced adsorption of methyl violet

Herein,palygorskite(PAL)was activated via a simple hydrothermal process in the presence of ammonium sulfide,and the effects of activation on the microstructure,physico-chemical feature and adsorption behaviors of PAL were intensively investigated.The hydrothermal process evidently improved the dispersion of PAL crystal bundles,increased surface negative charges and built more active –Si–O-groups served as the new"adsorption sites".The adsorption property of the activated PAL for Methyl Violet(MV)was systematically investigated by optimizing the adsorption variables,including p H,ionic strength,contact time and initial MV concentration.The activated PAL exhibited a superior adsorption capability to the raw PAL for the removal of MV(from 156.05 to 218.11 mg/g).The kinetics for MV adsorption followed pseudo second-order kinetic models,while the isotherm and thermodynamics results showed that the adsorption pattern well followed the Langmuir model.The structure analysis of PAL before and after adsorption demonstrated that electrostatic interaction and chemical association of –X–O-are the prominent driving forces for the adsorption process.     

水样中塔崩和磷酸乙酯的气相色谱—质谱测定方法的研究

本文对水样中的塔崩及其降解产物磷酸乙酯的提取方法进行了研究，试验了不同的萃取剂及萃取时溶液的ｐＨ值，优化了萃取条件，在ｐＨ＝９时，二氧甲烷萃取塔崩的回收率较高，三次测定的变异系数小于３．０％，用气相色谱－质谱（ＥＩ方式）法测定了水样中的塔崩和磷酸乙酯。     

光电催化结合氧化降解碱性品红的研究

用UV／TiO2悬浮液光催化氧化和间接电氧化相结合的方法降解碱性品红．考察了NaCl浓度、电流密度、pH值对光电催化结合降解碱性品红速率的影响．结果表明：光电催化结合比单一光催化降解效果有了明显的提高；NaCl浓度对光电催化结合的降解速率没有明显影响；提高电流密度可以增加光电催化结合的降解速率，但会减少单位电流密度下碱性品红的降解量；pH=9．00时，光电催化结合的降解速率最大．光电催化结合氧化降解160．0min后溶液脱色率达100％，COD去除率达75．5％．