浅析国外大石油公司HSE管理体系

石油工业经过几十年的发展,目前所面临的主要问题是如何更加安全、健康、环保地开展生产经营活动。文中选取具有代表性的四家国外石油公司管理体系进行分析,总结其共同特点,提出了改进中国石油企业HSE管理体系的建议。     

事故致因理论与安全理念

事故致因理论是安全科学的基本理论,是一个时期人们安全理念的集中反映。它涉及如何采取措施防止事故发生,以及谁应该对事故的发生承担责任等重大问题。从早期的事故频发倾向论到新近的系统理论事故模型,伴随着人们安全理念的不断变化,防止事故从着重对人的选择、教育和管理转向强调机械设备、生产条件的本质安全;防止事故的责任从劳动者转向设计者、管理者,从个人转向政府。     

中国石油HSE信息系统现场实施方案

对于中国石油这样的大型企业,信息系统建设的成功与否,除取决于系统的软件和硬件之外,一整套行之有效的现场实施方案也尤为重要。文章从中国石油HSE信息系统现场实施策略、实施流程、实施效果等方面进行阐述,总结出了一套适合中国石油业务管理信息系统的现场实施方案。     

浅析高端市场EPC项目HSE管理

文章介绍了阿布扎比原油管线项目的基本概况,阐述了高端市场HSE管理的特点和要求,通过阿布扎比原油管线项目HSE管理过程的实践,项目执行过程中遇到的HSE管理问题,分析国内项目HSE管理与项目业主要求的区别,找到解决问题的办法,满足高端市场HSE管理要求。通过管理实践,总结出"在遵守当地法律法规和国际惯例的框架内,以人才为战略,开展国际标准培训,实施HSE专业化管理模式"的高端市场EPC项目HSE管理经验,为企业国际EPC项目的HSE管理提供参考。     

质性视角下港珠澳大桥HSE管理实施模型的构建与阐释*

为构建出港珠澳大桥HSE管理实施框架模型，以港珠澳大桥为例，运用扎根理论质性研究方法，针对已收集的数据资料进行归纳、编码及提取，从领导、人文、制度、责任、组织、行为、过程及措施等方面，凝练出港珠澳大桥HSE管理的12个基本概念范畴，系统描绘港珠澳大桥HSE管理的行为现象、作用关系及路径。结果表明:智慧引领、意念灌注、组织管理、过程控制及举措保障这5个主范畴对港珠澳大桥HSE管理实施具有显著影响，分别凝练成牵引、驱动、组织、执行及保障5大作用力，汇聚演绎出港珠澳大桥HSE管理的7条实践路径，从情境维、范式维、组织维、过程维及措施维5个维度，全面确保HSE管理的顺畅实施。     

Assessment and improvement of integrated HSE and macro-ergonomics factors by fuzzy cognitive maps: The case of a large gas refinery

This study analyzes and assesses the integrated health, safety, environment (HSE) and ergonomics (HSEE) factors by fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) approach. This is achieved through integrating ergonomic and macro-ergonomic as well as occupational health and safety arrangements in an integrated modeling for assessment of their multi-faceted impact on workers' productivity, injury rate and satisfaction. This paper uses FCM to assess the direct and indirect effects of HSEE factors on system performance indicators. The results of FCM are used to develop leading indicators useful for proactive management of productivity, injury rate, and job satisfaction. The result of a comprehensive survey of 37 experts in control rooms and maintenance activities in a large gas refinery is used to show the applicability and usefulness of FCM approach. Moreover, FCM results are used to determine the causal structure of HSEE factors and system performance indicators. It is concluded that macro-ergonomics factors such as instructions and education, familiarity with organization's rules, and proper communications most contribute to improve workers' safety, satisfaction, and productivity.     

基于层次分析法的企业HSE管理绩效评估

大部分石油化工企业通过HSE关键KPI来判断企业HSE管理绩效,这并不能真实反映企业HSE管理水平。本文通过分析企业建立的HSE管理体系和HSE业务管理重点,给出了建立企业HSE管理绩效评估指标体系的原则和步骤,指出了根据绩效评估指标体系编制审核检查表应当注意的事项,提出了HSE管理绩效评估结果的分级标准,指导企业建立科学合理的HSE管理绩效评估体系。本文还以炼化企业HSE管理为例,给出其三级评估指标体系及权重系数,并论述了企业如何利用该权重系数和审核检查表开展对下属二级单位的评估工作。应用结果表明,利用该方法便于企业量化与对比各二级单位的HSE绩效,通过各级指标分值的图形对比分析,有利于企业和二级单位查找HSE管理上的优点和缺陷,促进企业HSE管理的提升和持续改进。     

HSE管理体系在温米采油厂的实践与思考

HSE管理体系突出预防为主、领导承诺、全员参与、持续改进的科学管理思想,是石油天然气工业实现现代管理,走向国际大市场的准行证。温米采油厂HSE体系实施中存在问题：过分重视书面文件管理,忽视实质性安全管理,造成体系现场执行力不足;技术支持不完善,造成风险评价、清洁生产、应急准备与响应等方面落实不够;HSE体系与现有的安全管理存在＂两张皮＂现象;全员参与意识差,以人为本、可持续发展的理念不能得到有效落实;资源配置不足,培训不到位。针对问题,提出对策：不断完善HSE体系,逐步规范运行管理;结合生产实际,打造企业安全文化品牌;继续加强安全监督检查管理;提高全体员工的执行力;牢固树立＂细节决定成败＂理念;避免＂两种倾向＂。     

An adaptive neural network algorithm for assessment and improvement of job satisfaction with respect to HSE and ergonomics program: The case of a gas refinery

Researchers have been continuously trying to improve human performance with respect to Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) and ergonomics (hence HSEE). This study proposes an adaptive neural network (ANN) algorithm for measuring and improving job satisfaction among operators with respect to HSEE in a gas refinery. To achieve the objectives of this study, standard questionnaires with respect to HSEE are completed by operators. The average results for each category of HSEE are used as inputs and job satisfaction is used as output for the ANN algorithm. Moreover, ANN is used to rank operators performance with respect to HSEE and job satisfaction. Finally, Normal probability technique is used to identify outlier operators. Moreover, operators with inadequate job satisfaction with respect to HSEE are identified. This would help managers to see if operators are satisfied with their jobs in the context of HSEE. This is the first study that introduces an integrated ANN algorithm for assessment and improvement of human job satisfaction with respect to HSEE program in complex systems.     

Management of the UK HSE failure rate and event data

The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) requires failure rate data for the assessment of COMAH safety reports and in the implementation of its statutory functions relating to land use planning in the vicinity of major hazard sites. Many of the existing failure rates used by HSE were derived over 20 years ago, but have been subject to periodic review to ensure that they remain appropriate for modern planning enquiries or quantified risk assessments. HSE needs to be assured that its sources of data and their application continue to be fit to support its statutory duties.HSE has implemented a programme of work to be carried out by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). This includes the development and maintenance of a single source of quality assured failure rate data, ideally accessible from the Internet, bringing together and updating existing failure rate data sources and reviewing new sources not previously available to HSE.A review of HSE’s current failure rate values is being carried out and this will be used to generate a single source of publically available failure rate data for use by both HSE and the public. This would help industry and HSE move toward a common position or understanding on failure rates. It would also help ensure that HSE professional advice is defensible and transparent.This paper will detail the progress made to date on the programme of work. It will also discuss the issues that arise as a consequence of changing failure rates and how HSE deals with these issues.