接种外源微生物生活垃圾堆肥中的胡敏酸荧光特性

利用城市生活垃圾接种外源微生物,采用工厂化工艺进行堆肥,对堆肥前后胡敏酸荧光光谱进行了分析．结果表明,胡敏酸发射光谱相对简单,在440nm附近形成1个较宽的谱带,而激发光谱与同步扫描光谱则由几个特征峰及肩峰组成．对不同荧光光谱特征峰的分析表明,堆肥结束后,胡敏酸的腐殖化程度明显增加．CK、MS、ZJ、MS＋ZJ各处理的荧光光谱形状基本相似,但主要特征峰的相对荧光强度有明显区别．其中接种外源微生物可明显增加堆肥胡敏酸分子的缩合度,中加酵素菌（ZJ）处理优于美商复合菌（MS）处理,而2种外源菌混合接种具有协同促进作用．通过与土壤中胡敏酸荧光特性比较证实,堆肥后的胡敏酸具有土壤富里酸的特征,活性较高．     

复合腐秆菌剂对稻草腐熟过程的影响

为了研究复合腐秆菌剂对稻草好氧堆肥的影响,采用好氧堆肥技术,设计了不接菌（对照）和接种复合菌剂2个处理,探讨堆肥过程中堆体温度、pH、有机质、C/N、发芽指数的变化。结果表明,接种复合腐秆菌剂堆体初期温度上升迅速,最高温度达到60℃,高温发酵阶段维持了12 d;与对照相比,接种复合腐秆菌剂对pH值、容重与孔隙度、有机质、C/N变化影响不大;但增加堆体全氮的含量,提高堆肥产品的质量,种子发芽率在第20天迅速上升,最大值为93%。显然接种复合腐秆菌剂促进好氧堆肥迅速起温,提高了堆肥的腐熟质量。     

微塑料对沉积物细菌群落组成和多样性的影响

微塑料普遍存在于河口、海岸和深海沉积物中,能直接或间接地对沉积环境中细菌和真菌群落产生影响.为探究微塑料对沉积物细菌群落组成和多样性的影响,通过向沉积物中分别添加不同丰度(2%、 5%、 10%)和类型(PE、 PVC)的微塑料颗粒,进行30 d的微塑料污染模拟实验,分析不同微塑料处理中微生物群落结构和多样性差异.结果表明,微塑料对菌群多样性无显著影响,但能降低群落丰富度,且添加PE和10%PVC下降最显著;添加微塑料使放线菌门、拟杆菌门和酸杆菌门等相对丰度上升,后壁菌门相对丰度显著下降;伯克霍尔德氏菌科和假单胞菌科等涉及氮循环的菌群在添加PE以及2%和10%PVC后相对丰度显著增加,而鞘氨醇单胞菌科等与多种有害污染物生物降解作用有关菌群的相对丰度明显下降;KEGG代谢通路预测显示,添加PE和较高丰度(5%、 10%)PVC使菌群膜转运蛋白、细胞运动和外源物质生物降解等功能显著改善,氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢等功能受到抑制.研究可为微塑料污染对沉积物养分转化和外源污染物降解的影响研究提供理论基础.     

Effects of tetrahydrofuran on dissolved oxygen,pH, culturable aerobic microbes and enzyme activity in wastewater

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is easy to volatilize and hard to biodegrade. Little is known about the influence and fate of tetrahydrofuran in the environment. The effects of THF were examined on dissolved oxygen, pH, culturable aerobic microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi) and four selected enzymes (protease, phosphatase, amylase, and lipase) in wastewater. The wastewater containing some activated sludge was taken from the aeration basin in Sibao sewage plant in Hangzhou, China. THF at lower concentrations of enhanced aerobic respiration and higher concentrations decreased utilization of oxygen in wastewater. The short-term influence of THF on pH was not obvious, but the long-term effect was apparent. Inhibition of THF on culturable aerobic microbes rose with increasing THF concentrations but decreased with prolongation of incubation time. No effect of THF on the activity of protease, phosphatase, amylase, and lipase was found. Data indicate that lower concentrations of THF exert no marked influence on wastewater in an urban sewage plant.