稠油降解微生物的筛选鉴定及其降解特性

从二连油田原油和油层水中筛选驯化出3株能够降解稠油的细菌DS1、DS2和DS3,通过16S rRNA基因序列比对发现DS1、DS2和DS3分别与溶血不动杆菌(Acinetobacter haemolyticus)、鹑鸡肠球菌(Enterococcus gallinarum)和耳炎短杆菌(Brevibacterium otitidis)相似度最高,分别为99%、99%和98%。研究结果表明,DS1对温度和pH有较强耐受性,DS3对盐度的适应性较好,2株菌最适的降解条件为温度35~40℃、盐度2%~5%(W/V)、pH为7~10。在5%的原油浓度下,复合菌对原油的30 d降解率达89.2%。经GC-MS分析,微生物降解作用后,除C29其他烃类几乎被全部降解。3株菌在7d内对500 g/L粘度为1 746 mPa·s(50℃)的稠油降粘率分别为49.1%、46.6%和49.0%,而复合菌对稠油的降粘效果高于单一菌株,其降粘率达到57.0%。     

浓度波扩散模型在玉米秸秆厌氧干发酵中的应用及验证

将Vavilin的浓度波扩散模型引入到玉米秸秆厌氧干发酵中,使用MATLAB7.0软件运用最小二乘法,计算初始含水量为70%的中温玉米秸秆干发酵过程中Ds、DB和ρm等相关模型系数,并通过不同初始含水量(75%、80%和85%)实验来进行验证,结果表明,所得模型系数在含水量70%~80%时预测效果较好,能较为准确地反映发酵过程中的传质过程。     

混合菌种的共固定化技术在污染治理中的应用

对混合菌种固定化技术所用的载体和改进方法作了介绍,以及在污染治理中的应用进行了综述,治理的污染物主要包括酚类、卤化烃、氮和磷及其芳香族化合物。对该技术在污染治理中的应用前景作了评述。     

Zeolite powder addition to improve the performance of submerged gravitation-filtration membrane bioreactor

In this study, the effect of zeolite powder addition on submerged membrane bioreactor （SMBR） on membrane permeability, and the removals for COD, NH3-N, TN were investigated. Through the parallel operation of control and test systems, it was found that the zeolite powder addition could alleviate the ultra-filtration membrane fouling and enhance the membrane permeability. On the basis of experimental investigations, a concept of ＂protection coating layer＂ was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of UF membrane fouling. In addition, the removal for COD in test system was more stable, a little higher compared to the control system. Due to the combination of nitrification and ion exchange, a more excellent removal for NH3-N in test system was obtained regardless of influent NH3-N loading rate. It was also found that a mean 25% higher TN removal took place in the test system, and ion exchange and simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification were analyzed to be main factors. During the stable operation period, the SOURs of test zeolite powder added sludge and control activated sludge were measured to be 75 mgO2/（gMLVSS, h） and 24 mgO2/（gMLVSS, h） respectively, it meant that the zeolite powder addition could enhance the microorganism activity significantly.     

Biodegradation of 2,6-ditert-butylphenol by immobilized microorganism strains

2,6-Ditert-butylphenol （2,6-DTBP） is a major organic contaminant presenting in acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewaters. This compound is of high bio-resistance due to its complex structure which consists of one phenol group and two highly branched tert-butyl groups. This research attempted to improve the biodegradation efficiency of 2,6-DTBP through various strain immobilization methods. The stratified immobilization can settle oxygen transmission in the single microorganism immobilization, and can realize two-process reaction in the single device by choosing two symbiotic microorganisms. Two effective strains, named F-1-4 and F-3-4, which were screened out in our previous work, were used to degrade 2,6-DTBP after being immobilized in calcium alginate gel. Results indicate that the substrate removal efficiency of various immobilization methods follows the order： stratified 〉 single F-3-4 〉 mixed ≈single F-1-4. The immobilized biodegradation capacity was higher than the free one. After an incubation time of 12 d, 91% of 2,6-DTBP could be degraded by the stratified immobilization method, compared to 79% achieved by the mixed immobilization method with an initial 2,6-DTBP concentration of 100 mg/L. The stratified immobilization satisfies the oxygen demand nature of the aerobic F-3-4 and the facultative F-1-4, thus yielding the highest degradation efficiency. Both the outer layer strain F-3-4 and the inner layer strain F-1-4 can grow actively on the substrate of 2,6-DTBP, as illustrated by SEM images. This study shows that the highly bio-refractory compound, 2,6-DTBP, can be effectively degraded using appropriately inunobilized microorganism strains.     

改性秸秆制备固定化微生物及对钻井泥浆的处理

将小麦秸秆改性后制备改性秸秆固定化微生物,用于处理钻井泥浆。考察了改性时间、改性剂浓度、改性剂配比对秸秆吸附微生物效果的影响,以及改性秸秆固定化微生物对钻井泥浆的处理效果。实验结果表明:在改性时间为60 min、氢氧化钠溶液浓度为0.1 mol/L、过氧化氢溶液浓度为1.0 mol/L、氢氧化钠溶液与过氧化氢溶液体积比为3∶1的最佳改性条件下,改性秸秆的BET比表面积增大了36.27%,Langmuir比表面积增加了37.63%,微生物吸附量增加了200.77%;在钻井泥浆处理量为1 000 g、改性秸秆固定化微生物加入量为2 g、土壤加入量为1 000 g、处理时间为15 d的条件下,钻井泥浆COD、可溶性盐、石油烃的去除率分别为84.9%,71.6%,90.1%。     

紫外诱变选育高效降酚微生物

用紫外线作为诱变剂,处理由燕化炼油厂污水厂的活性污泥中驯化筛选得到的降酚菌株,好氧条件筛选出2种高效降酚微生物QH2、QH3,分别为紫外线照射2min和3min。通过正交实验可知,温度对QH2、QH3生长影响有非常显著的意义P<0.01,在30℃时生长良好。应用QH2、QH3菌种处理炼油厂含酚废水,菌种能够有效降解较为复杂的含酚污水,且QH2菌种处理效果最佳。     

水体微塑料丰度与氮代谢功能微生物及基因的响应关系

微塑料（MPs）作为新型污染物对水体的污染影响已成为研究热点.为探究淡水环境中MPs丰度与氮代谢功能之间的响应关系,以乌梁素海为研究对象,借助蔡司显微镜检测水体中MPs丰度,并利用宏基因测序分析水体中氮代谢功能菌群及功能基因的分布特征,使用相关性分析法对MPs丰度与氮代谢功能微生物和氮代谢功能基因之间的作用关系进行探讨分析.结果表明,淡水环境中MPs对优势菌门中蓝细菌门和厚壁菌门的影响更高,MPs的存在会促进其富集和生长;优势菌属中对分枝杆菌属的促进和对Candidatus_Planktophila的抑制更明显,进一步说明在淡水环境中MPs会通过影响微生物群落而影响氮正常代谢,并且碳氮固定和反硝化等途径是MPs影响氮代谢的重要途径.从氮代谢功能基因角度分析,发现MPs丰度对硝化（pmoA-amoA、pmoB-amoB、pmoC-amoC）、反硝化（nirK、napA）和异化硝酸盐还原（nrfA）过程中部分功能基因存在显著影响（P < 0.05）,并且MPs丰度对氮代谢相同途径不同功能基因的影响存在差异性,因此MPs在水环境中的影响非常复杂,对水环境的危害不容忽视.     

高浓度有机废水处理过程中单宁、木质素的降解机理

采用UASB 接触氧化工艺对亚麻沤制废水进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :COD去除率可达 95 %～ 97% ,BOD5去除率为 96 %～ 99%。生物难降解的单宁、木素类物质去除率为 75 %～ 86 %。对单宁、木素类物质的生物化学特性和降解机理进行了系统的分析和阐述     

不同菌源的微生物对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯生物降解性的比较

从处理石化厂废水的活性污泥中分离出1株邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌FS1(荧光假单胞菌,Pseudomonas fluorescens),从处理焦化厂废水的活性污泥中分离出2株邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌FS2(铜绿假单胞菌,Pseudomonas aeruginasa)、FS3(短杆菌,Bre-vibacterium sp.).研究FS1、FS2和FS3对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的最适降解条件,比较了其降解特性.FS1、FS2和FS3最适酸度分别为pH6.5～8.0、pH7.0～8.0和pH7.0～8.0,温度为20～35℃、15～35℃和15～35℃.FS1、FS2、FS3对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的降解的半寿期:FS1＜FS2＜FS3,FS1是1株高效的邻苯二甲酸二乙酯降解菌.