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淀山湖水质富营养化和微囊藻毒素污染水平 总被引:21,自引:5,他引:16
研究淀山湖不同季节水体中总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、pH、水温、透明度(SD)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)含量和优势藻种等富营养化相关指标;在培养条件下,研究不同温度、光照、氮磷浓度对铜绿微囊藻的生长及微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)产生的影响;研究藻细胞密度和微囊藻毒素LR浓度的相关关系.结果表明:淀山湖水质已呈富营养化状态,春末和夏季水质和水文条件适合藻类生长.湖水TN和TP年平均值分别达1.93mg/L和0.18mg/L,TN和TP的年超标率达93.5%和92.2%.TP的高峰期比施肥的高峰期延迟出现约一个月,说明沿湖农业对富营养化指标的影响较大.淀山湖常年生长的藻类分别是蓝绿藻、硅藻、隐藻和裸藻等,夏季水华中可见污染指示藻如微囊藻、鱼腥藻和针杆藻等产毒藻.培养条件下,铜绿微囊藻在25℃和3000lx时生长最快,但产毒量却分别在20℃和5000lx时达到最大值;合适其生长和产毒的氮、磷浓度分别为650μmol/L和6.5μmol/L.现场和实验室条件下,均发现磷为藻类生长的限制因子,微囊藻毒素-LR浓度与藻细胞密度或铜绿微囊藻细胞密度之间存在正相关关系,提示可以用藻细胞密度来估算水中毒素的浓度. 相似文献
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The index of cenotic significance and other indices calculated on its basis were used for revealing specific structural features of zooplanktonic communities in lakes differing in productivity. The results showed that new indices (complexity coefficient, index of cenotic significance of dominant species, and integrated cenotic significance of the zooplankton) strongly correlate with the trophic status of the water body and are more responsive to changes in the structure of the community than the Shannon–Weaver index of species diversity. The results confirm the hypothesis that the structure of zooplankton is simplified in the course of lake eutrophication. 相似文献
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羊角月芽藻摄取磷形态的动力学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
将湖水中的磷分成总溶解磷,溶解反应磷,总反应磷、溶解的水解性磷,溶解的光解性磷。研究其在羊角月芽过程中的变化。 相似文献
147.
Pei Gu Ren Fang Shen Yi Ding Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(3):273-277
BACKGROUND: The Yangtze Delta is one of the most developed regions in China and includes Shanghai, eight cities in Jiangsu province and eight cities in Zhejiang province. Meat consumption in this region has increased with economic growth, and most of the consumed meat is produced locally. The water quality of surface waters has deteriorated in recent years. An example was the huge blue-green algae bloom in Tai Lake in late May 2007, which affected millions of people's daily drinking water. However, animal husbandry is considered to be one of the main pollution sources. METHODS: Pollutants (NH3-N, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN)) excreted by livestock and poultry, and the resultant COD (chemical oxygen demand) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), were estimated using two different methods based on different data sets. RESULTS: The number of livestock and poultry has remained stable in the Yangtze Delta over the four years from 1999 to 2002, with the average number of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry being 21.1 M, 0.4 M, 7.7 M and 597.6 M, respectively. Pollutants in livestock and poultry excreta estimated by Method I were: 0.12 Mt NH3-N, 0.11 Mt TP and 0.29 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.34 Mt and 1.30 Mt, respectively, while the estimations based on Method II were: 0.18 Mt NH3-N, 0.15 Mt TP and 0.40 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.95 Mt and 1.80 Mt, respectively. DISCUSSION: Pollutants excreted annually by livestock and poultry in the Yangtze Delta are estimated to be: 0.17 Mt NH3-N, 0.16 Mt TP and 0.42 Mt TN, giving rise to a COD of 1.86 Mt and a BOD of 1.72 Mt. Approximately 25% of this pollution was estimated to enter water bodies, which means that the annual pollutant load is 43,700 t NH3-N, 39,400 tTP, 104,600t TN with a COD of 465,000 tand a BOD of 430,100 t. Pollutants from animal husbandry were similar in magnitude to those from industrial wastewater. Pigs produced the most pollution, followed by poultry, cattle and sheep. The pollution load from animal husbandry in the Yangtze Delta is about twice the average level of the whole of China. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic wastewater was the main pollution source in the Yangtze Delta, followed by pollution from raising livestock and poultry and from industrial wastewater. The pollution load in Shanghai and Jiaxing were the greatest, followed by 7 cities of Jiangsu province (except Suzhou) and other cities of Zhejiang province and Suzhou. Pigs and poultry produced about 90% of the total pollutants from animal husbandry. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The local governments, especially in Shanghai and Jiaxing, should focus their attention on the pollution produced by livestock and poulrry. Controlling pollution from pigs and poultry will have the greatest impact in this region. Control of pollution will be facilitated by the development of large-scale livestock and poultry farming units and a shift away from small scale husbandry. 相似文献
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武汉东湖秋季水体中光合自氧生物膜的生长特性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用一种自行设计的光合自氧生物膜采样装置,在武汉东湖(重富营养化湖泊)20和100 cm水深处自然培养和收集光合自氧生物膜,研究其生长发育及活性特点.结果表明:富营养化水体中光合自氧生物膜生长经历了潜伏适应期、增长期、脱落期和恢复生长期4个阶段;光合自氧生物膜生物量、胞外多糖含量、COD含量和脱氢酶活性随培养时间延长呈稳定增长趋势;20 cm水深处光合自氧生物膜生长总体上快于100 cm水深处,并且其生物量和活性也较高;光合自氧生物膜的生理特征与一般天然水体中生长的相似,说明重富营养化水体对生物膜的胁迫作用不明显. 相似文献