Restorating marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goad for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong,China

Abstract

The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed—reduction of 83% of BOD load and 82% of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health covers not only physical, chemical and biological aspects of an ecosystem, but also ecosystem-service-function aspect. It is recommended to take the restoration and protection of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal, instead of water quality objective management, for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour catchment. Steps to further improve the marine coastal ecosystem health of Tolo harbour are discussed in the paper.     

Developing Mechanism of Rubber-tea-chicken Agro-forestry Model in Tropical Area of China

Abstract

As a typical tropical agro-forestry ecosystem in Wenchang, Hainan Province, China, rational mechanisms of the rubber-tea-chicken eco-agricultural model were studied with the Solow technological level index, stability indicator, harmonizing coefficient, grey correlation coefficient and production dominance. This study focused on rational hierarchical structure, the limiting factors and optimal strategies of the model development based on model structure, resource conditions and external market demands. Results showed that rational mechanism of the rubber-tea-chicken ecosystem model mainly included technological contributions, leverage function of dominance component (livestock husbandry), stability of the model structure and harmony of its components, the model dominant product’s market demand and government’s supporting policies. The contributions of fund, technology, information and talent resources played an important role in improving sustainability and productivity of the agro-forestry model.     

中国城市绿化评价系统比较分析

城市绿化在城市环境建设中起着至关重要的作用。为衡量城市绿化建设的水平和指导城市规划,有必要建立科学的绿化评价体系。分析和比较了中国现有的4种国家级城市绿化评价体系：国家园林城市标准、全国绿化模范城市标准、国家森林城市标准和国家生态园林城市标准,并从易得性、可比性、简易性、客观性等4个方面对具体的指标进行了分析。4种绿化...     

中国省际农业碳排放测算及低碳化水平评价——基于衍生指标与TOPSIS法的运用

农业碳排放量测算及低碳化水平评价,是实现农业绿色发展和制定碳减排计划的重要依据。通过测算2006—2016年中国30个省份的农业碳排放量,并以测算结果为基础,从农业用地、禽畜养殖和农业能源三个方面构造农业碳排放衍生指标,采用基于动态自然权重的TOPSIS法对各省农业低碳化水平进行评价。结果表明：中国农业碳排放总量呈先降后升的“V型”变化,由2006年的91096万t下降至2008年的83521万t,此后稳步增加至2016年的92192万t。农业非能源碳排放量占农业碳排放总量的84%以上,土壤管理是农业非能源碳排放的第一来源。省际农业碳排放衍生指标异质性较强,农业低碳化水平整体不高。研究结果可为农业和环境部门开展低碳农业评价工作提供借鉴。     

螺形龟甲轮虫形态结构对环境变化的响应

以螺形龟甲轮虫为研究对象,于2015年7月至2018年12月,选取广东南澳岛及湖南常德中营养至中度富营养水体共14个样点进行采样,对螺形龟甲轮虫进行了形态特征测量分析.结果表明,水温是螺形龟甲轮虫形态变化最主要影响因子,且与背甲长、背甲宽、棘刺长度均呈显著负相关（P<0.01）.不同纬度条件下螺形龟甲轮虫形态参数差异显著,常德地区螺形龟甲轮虫个体显著大于南澳地区（P<0.05）.螺形龟甲轮虫形态存在显著季节性变化,各形态参数随季节波动呈现夏秋、冬春分化模式.螺形龟甲轮虫后棘刺长随水体营养程度增加而减小（F=159.4,P<0.01）,富营养条件下后棘刺长度占全长的比例减小（F=167.5,P<0.01）.研究结果表明,螺形龟甲轮虫棘刺长度可作为水质生物监测指标,并为研究全球气候变暖提供重要参考.     

水面舰船风浪环境适应性内涵及综合评估方法研究

首先对水面舰船风浪环境适应性的内涵进行了分析,重点研究了风浪环境对舰船综合航行性能及作战使用效能的影响.考虑到实际风浪环境中舰船各项总体性能指标是一个复杂的体系,各指标之间既具有矛盾性又具有一致性,是一个多目标、多变量的复杂系统.提取了跟风浪环境相关性较强的船体性能指标,建立了水面舰船风浪环境适应性多级综合评价指标体系.进而应用多级模糊综合评价模型,建立了舰船风浪环境适应性评估方法,对某深V船型和圆舭船型的风浪环境适应性进行评估,深V船型评估结果为66.95,圆舭船型为50.5,验证了评估模型的合理性.采用4种不同评判矩阵对两船风浪环境适应性进行了评估,结果表明,评判矩阵的选取对评估结果有较大影响.     

上海市社区内影响居民垃圾分类效果的关键措施指标研究

本研究依托复旦大学意愿—习惯垃圾分类行为理论对上海市不同区域、不同类型的55个社区进行大范围调研,识别出包括设施、志愿者、保洁员、启动、定时定点、租户、管理和绿色账号在内的8个社区内影响居民垃圾分类效果的关键措施指标,并且通过指标与社区实际分类效果的相关性结果证明了该指标体系的有效性。研究结果还表明,上海市社区内影响垃圾分类效果的最主要的措施指标是硬件设施、保洁人员、“定时定点”制度和志愿者。研究结果一方面可以供上海市基层政府人员使用指标体系来进行监督,另一方面也为社区因地制宜地采取措施来提高和巩固社区垃圾分类效果提供了具体的科学支撑。     

高应力条件下尾矿破碎特性及坝体稳定性研究*

高应力条件下尾矿破碎特性与坝体稳定性研究是高尾矿坝避免溃坝事故的重要参考。分析尾矿颗粒破碎过程中级配曲线的演化规律,提出采用BET测试颗粒比表面积以定量化表征颗粒破碎指标;在室内高应力三轴试验的基础上,阐述高应力条件下尾矿的力学行为,提出高应力条件下尾矿强度准则,并基于该准则对工程实例进行应用分析。结果表明:相比于常用破碎指标,从能量观点出发的BET法比表面积表征尾矿颗粒破碎更为合理;采用线性Mohr-Coulomb准则计算尾矿在低应力阶段的内摩擦角,采用幂函数Mohr强度准则计算尾矿在高应力阶段的内摩擦角;提出1套考虑高应力条件下尾矿强度折减的坝体稳定性分析方法,以供实际工程参考。     

Effectiveness of Vegetation Surrogates for Parasitoid Wasps in Reserve Selection

Abstract:  Selecting suitable nature reserves is a continuing challenge in conservation, particularly for target groups that are time-consuming to survey, species rich, and extinction prone. One such group is the parasitoid Hymenoptera, which have been excluded from conservation planning. If basic characteristics of habitats or vegetation could be used as reliable surrogates of specific target taxa, this would greatly facilitate appropriate reserve selection. We identified a range of potential habitat indicators of the species richness of pimpline parasitoid communities (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae, Diacritinae, Poemeniinae) and tested their efficiency at capturing the observed diversity in a group of small woodlands in the agricultural landscape of the Vale of York (United Kingdom). Eight of the 18 vegetation-based reserve-selection strategies were significantly better at parasitoid species inclusion than random selection of areas. The best strategy maximized richness of tree species over the entire reserve network through complementarity. This strategy omitted only 2–3 species more (out of 38 captured in the landscape as a whole) than selections derived from the parasitoid survey data. In general, strategies worked equally well at capturing species richness and rarity. Our results suggest that vegetation data as a surrogate for species richness could prove an informative tool in parasitoid conservation, but further work is needed to test how broadly applicable these indicators may be.     

OREGON WATER QUALITY INDEX A TOOL FOR EVALUATING WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS1

ABSTRACT: The Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) is a single number that expresses water quality by integrating measurements of eight water quality variables (temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, ammonia+nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total solids, and fecal coliform). Its purpose is to provide a simple and concise method for expressing the ambient water quality of Oregon's streams for general recreational use, including fishing and swimming. The OWQI, originally developed in the 1970s, has been updated based upon improved understanding about water quality behavior. This report describes the historical basis of the OWQI and defines the improved design of the present OWQI. The index allows users to easily interpret data and relate overall water quality variation to variations in specific categories of impairment. This report demonstrates the value of the OWQI in presenting spatial and temporal water quality information. The OWQI improves comprehension of general water quality issues, communicates water quality status, and illustrates the need for and effectiveness of protective practices.