对松花江的治理应加强联合毒性效应研究

松花江水体的有毒有机污染较为严重,且有明显致癌、致突变和致畸作用的有机毒物种类繁多.水污染事故后,其污染状况变得更加复杂.针对主要污染物硝基苯是否与其它污染物之间发生联合毒性作用,文章提出应加强联合毒性效应研究;及建议制定标准时,尤其是排放标准,应适当考虑某些优先控制污染物之间的联合毒性作用.     

我国自然保护区有效管理评价指标研究

本文根据我国自然保护区建设速度较快但管理水平较低的现状，在多年调查研究的基础上，提出制定自然保护区有效管理评价标准的必要性，并详细阐述了在保护区管理条件、管理措施、科研基础和管理成效等四个方面的评价内容，提出１３项评价指标，进而作了详细的评分等级划分，提出一套评价全国自然保护区管理质量的指标体系，为全国自然保护区管理的监督检查提供了一套简便适用、易于操作的评判标准。     

关于生态省建设的理论探讨

对生态省的概念、建设目标、建设生态省相关的生态学原理、生态省建设中如何处理人与自然的关系、生态省评价标准和指标体系等有关的理论问题进行了探讨。     

Water technology for specific water usage

BACKGROUND: Water is the basis for life and culture. In addition to the availability of water its quality has become a major issue in industrialized areas and in developing countries as well. Water usage has to be seen as part of the hydrological cycle. As a consequence water management has to be sustainable. The aim of the contribution is to give water usage oriented quality criteria and to focus on the technical means to achieve them. MAIN FEATURES: Water is used for many purposes, ranging from drinking and irrigation to a broad variety of technical processes. Most applications need specific hygienic, chemical and/or physical properties. RESULTS: To meet these demands separation and reaction principles are applied. The reuse of water and the application of water treatment with little or no waste and by-product formation is the way to go. Membrane separation and advanced oxidation including catalytic reactions are promising methods that apply natural processes in sustainable technical performance. Thus elimination of specific water constituents (e.g. salts and metals, microorganisms) and waste water cleaning (e.g. pollutants, nutrients and organic water) can be done efficiently. OUTLOOK: Learning from nature and helping nature with appropriate technology is a convincing strategy for sustainable water management.     

浅谈会计职业判断

随着我国市场经济的发展以及会计准则的日趋完善,会计职业判断在会计工作中的地位变得越来越重要.但是,在我国目前的实际会计工作中,很多问题却影响了会计职业判断作用的发挥.因此,本文主要分析了会计职业判断过程中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策和建议.     

无公害菜田土壤环境评价系统的建立和应用

根据京郊菜田的分布和土壤养分、土壤环境质量特点选择了监测点，按照各个指标对土壤质量的影响程度确定评价指标及其权重，并据此建立了无公害菜田土壤环境评价系统。系统采用分层体系结构，在目前基于J2EE架构开发Web应用的基础上，采用J2EE中的JSP，Servlet，JavaBean以及JDBC技术来构建该平台的基础组件框架，结合MVC结构的方式来构建Web应用系统，有效地提高了应用程序的可重用性、可维护性和可扩展性。根据过去3年的监测结果对于系统进行了初步应用，对各个监测点的菜田土壤环境质量进行了评价，表明该评价系统对菜田环境质量管理具有很好的指导意义。     

Clearing the air: The costs and consequences of higher CAFE standards and increased gasoline taxes

Concerns about energy security and climate change have sparked legislators’ interest in reducing gasoline consumption by increasing corporate average fuel-economy (CAFE) standards. Using an empirically rich simulation model and cost estimates for anticipated fuel-economy technologies, we estimate annual costs of reducing long-run gasoline consumption by 10% via a 3.8 miles per gallon increase in the standards, and the potential cost savings from allowing manufacturers to buy and sell fuel-economy credits. Maximum gasoline savings would be realized only after all existing vehicles were replaced, or 14 years in our model. A gasoline tax would produce greater immediate savings by encouraging people to drive less, and eventually to choose more-fuel-efficient vehicles. We demonstrate the advantage of a tax by comparing the cost of the higher CAFE standards over the first 14 years against the cost of a gasoline tax that would save the same amount of gasoline over that time.     

利用GIS技术进行海洋环境质量评价的研究

以我国专属经济区生物资源调查为基础,探讨了海洋环境质量评价的GIS方法,建立了应用GIS技术进行海洋生物资源栖息环境质量评价的基本思路和技术流程,提出了相关的评价属性数据库建立的要点,有关指标体系的选取及评价模式作了重点分析,对空间分析算法进行了分析比较。结果表明GIS与评价模型的结合可以快捷、准确地评价海洋生物资源栖息环境质量。     

模糊评价因子的熵权法赋权及其在水质评价中的应用

针对模糊综合评价方法中对多因子赋权时计算繁琐、工作量大、未考虑多个评价对象间联系等缺陷，提出利用熵权法对多评价目标因子赋权的新思路．利用三峡库区城市江段13个监测断面的水质监测数据，比较了利用熵权法与传统的评价因子赋权的差异．结果表明，当涉及多个评价对象时，采用熵权法对各因子赋权，只需1次计算即可，无需对每个监测点进行权重计算，从而使模糊评价过程大大简化，评价的结果客观、合理．     

Company engagement with supply chains to protect biodiversity and rare,threatened, and endangered species

Future global megatrends project a population increase of 2 billion people between 2019 and 2050 and at least 1–2 billion people added to the global middle class between 2016 and 2030. In addition, 68% of the world's population is projected to be living in urban areas by 2050. With these projected large population increases and shifts, demand for food, water, and energy is projected to grow by approximately 35, 40, and 50%, respectively, between 2010 and 2030. In addition, between 1970 and 2014 there was an estimated 60% reduction in the number of wildlife in the world and an estimated net loss of 2.9 billion birds, or 29%, in North America between 1970 and 2018. Loss of species populations and number of species is interconnected with reduced health of biodiversity and ecosystems. Human activity has been the main catalyst for these substantial declines primarily through impacts on habitats. These losses are accelerating. Since a company's supply chain environmental impacts are often as great or greater than its own direct environmental impacts, it may be prudent for companies to engage with their supply chains to protect and enhance habitats and biodiversity and protect rare, threatened, and endangered species. As one example, companies may have opportunities and strategic reasons to include requirements in their supplier codes of conduct and supplier standards for suppliers to protect biodiversity and rare, threatened, and endangered species, as well as additional requirements to expand or enhance habitats and ecosystems to increase biodiversity. This article follows one pathway that companies could pursue further and with greater speed—to engage with their supply chains to strengthen supplier codes of conduct to protect biodiversity and rare, threatened, and endangered species. The importance of forests, private land, and landscape partnerships is discussed as means to protect much more of the planet's biodiversity and rare, threatened, and endangered species. Lastly, the article identifies examples of opportunities for companies to more formally incorporate biodiversity into their business, supply chain, and sustainability strategies.