昆钢生活垃圾处理现状及综合处理方案分析

根据昆钢生活垃圾处理的现状,分析存在的问题,并对当今生活垃圾处理技术分析比较,结合昆钢实际情况,从管理和技术的角度提出综合处理方案,提高生活垃圾处理利用率,减少垃圾处理量,有效控制二次污染,提高经济效益,改善生活环境。     

恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺处理生活污水

通过对恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺处理生活污水工程应用的研究,结果表明:恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺在降低工程成本和减少设备量的同时能较好的去除污水中的污染物,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,COD去除率可达85%~93%;TP的去除率可达84%;TN的去除率可达82%。     

贵阳市城区路侧土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价

研究了贵阳市城区各交通干线两侧表层土壤中重金属的质量分数、空间分布特征及其影响因素.以基线作为参比值,采用地积累指数法对其污染程度进行评价.结果表明:各交通干道两侧土壤中重金属质量分数存在显著差异,除Pb和Cr外,其余重金属质量分数均高于中国表层土壤重金属元素背景值和贵阳市表层土壤重金属元素基线值. 整体上,贵阳市路侧土壤尚未受到Pb和Cr的污染,其w(Hg),w(Cd)和w(Zn)已达中度污染甚至强污染水平,同时各路段也受到了不同程度的As,Cu和Ni污染,但并不严重. 据调查,路侧土壤中重金属质量分数及其分布格局主要受到燃煤、交通运输、地形及路况、气象因素以及城市建设等的影响.      

长江河口表层沉积物中PAHs的生态风险评价

2005年11月26—29日对长江河口部分表层沉积物中多环芳烃类化合物(PAHs)的污染现状进行了调查和研究,分析了其中16种PAHs单体含量. 结果表明,长江河口表层沉积物中属于美国优先控制的16种PAHs共检出15种,仅萘未被检出,w(PAHs)为355.72～2 480.85 ng/g,平均值为1 040.29 ng/g. 表层沉积物中以4环和5～6环PAHs为主,二者之和占w(PAHs)的80%以上. 长江河口表层沉积物中PAHs污染主要来源于矿物燃料的高温燃烧,但部分区域也不排除石油源输入的可能性. 与沉积物风险评估值相比,严重的生态风险在长江河口表层沉积物中不存在,然而排污口附近沉积物存在一定的生态风险.      

丁草胺在土壤中吸附特性研究

采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了丁草胺在三种不同有机质含量土壤中的吸附特性曲线,采用批量平衡法,用三种土壤对丁草胺进行吸附,并通过改变三种土壤的投加量、温度和pH进行实验。实验结果表明,丁草胺在三种不同土壤中的吸附平衡时间大约为12h,以快速吸附为主,土壤的有机质含量是影响土壤吸附性能的重要因素,土壤有机质含量与土壤对农药的吸附呈正相关,土壤的投加量越大固相中的吸附量也越大,丁草胺在土壤中的吸附随着温度的升高而减弱,但影响并不明显;碱性条件不利于土壤对丁草胺的吸附量。     

High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using an MM5-CMAQ system

High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality.This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use.This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka,Japan.The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region.High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model μgPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation.The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone.Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains,with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv.In addition,1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable differences in gross error as well as correlation.These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region,such as the Osaka region,which has complex terrain and land-use.     

高锰酸钾预氧化并复合高岭土与聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝去除水中颤藻

采用高锰酸钾预氧化复合高岭士与聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝,对去除水中颤藻进行了研究.通过正交试验得出了在试验水质条件下,颤藻去除最佳条件为:高锰酸钾投加量为0.5mg·l~(-1),预氧化时间为15min,PAc投加量为2.5mg·l~(-1),粒径为160目的高岭土投加量为50mg·l~(-1).在此条件下,高锰酸钾可氧化颤藻失活但并没有破坏藻细胞壁,防止了藻毒素的释放.预氧化产生的水合二氧化锰作为凝结核促进了絮体的形成,并使之更加密实、易沉降,且沉降后藻絮体不再上浮,提高了处理后的水质.     

Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for theDaqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.     

生物渗滤池运行参数优化研究

实验针对间歇投配污水的生物渗滤池处理生活废水的一些基本运行参数进行了优化研究。通过对生物渗滤池的出水量、不同填料性质、不同填料粒径以及不同进水水质与污染物(COD)去除率影响的研究,证实该系统的水力负荷与污染物去除率成反向关系,即当水力负荷减少时,污染物去除率会相对增加;研究还表明选用粒径为0.9～2mm自然河沙作为系统填料时,系统COD去除率较高,这时填料不易被堵塞且即使堵塞也较易恢复;运用生物渗滤池处理城市生活污水能使处理后污水COD达到城镇污水处理厂出水排放标准的一级标准。提高污水中营养物质的配比以及采用多级生物渗滤池联用,能高效处理高浓度污水,甚至使出水达标排放。