Cumulative impact assessment in environmental planning: A coastal wetland watershed example

Several theoretical, analytical, and institutional difficulties have impeded the development and application of the assessment of cumulative environmental impacts. Watershed development on coastal wetlands offers an ideal context for evaluating the land disturbance target approach to cumulative impact assessment. A model land use planning system involving a time series approach was developed for Elkhorn Slough in California. The approach included four major components: evaluation of erosion susceptibility, measurement of land disturbance, establishment of a land disturbance target, and a comparison of existing and target land disturbance values. Further research is needed to test the transferability of the approach in a wide range of coastal watersheds and to verify the applicability of the methods to other cumulative impact problems.     

红壤丘陵区典型流域地表水水环境特征研究——以浏阳河流域为例

选取浏阳河流域为例,根据近十年河流断面监测数据,采用改进的综合污染指数法来评价水质污染程度,研究了该红壤丘陵区典型河流水质的时空变化特征,并结合土地利用和土壤特征等分析地表水质变化原因。结果表明,改进的综合污染指数法有较好的适用性;从时间特征上看,由于面源污染加剧,使得浏阳河近十年的水质污染呈增长趋势;从空间特征上看,浏阳河从上游到下游,河流污染呈增长趋势,上游水质较好,中游表现为重金属铅和汞的污染较大,而下游则是氨氮污染加剧。     

青铜峡铝厂氟污染对广武乡玉米影响的调查分析

监测了青铜峡铝厂东南方向４．５ｋｍ的广武乡玉米叶，得知含氟量为４３．９４－１６６．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对照样品树新林场玉米叶的含氟均值为１３．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，广武乡的玉米受到了严重的氟污染，农作物减产严重。     

高灵敏XRF测定废水中痕量砷

本文提出了在硫酸介质中，以锌粒还原产生氢化物，溴化铜溶液吸收，微孔滤膜过滤制成薄样，Ｘ射线荧光测定水中痕量砷的分析方法。     

官厅水库富营养化的评价

综述了官厅水库水系的近期状况 ;在库区选择了 8个具有代表性的断面 ,分析测试了 1 1项水质指标 ,采用 Vol-lenweider的理论评价了库区水质为中 -富营养等级 ;提出了改善水库水系的 4点建议     

济南市创建国家环保模范城市的调查与思考

从济南市环境保护现状调查入手,对照国家环境保护模范城市考核指标,分析济南市创建国家环境保护模范城市存在的问题,借鉴其他城市创建国家环境保护模范城市的成功经验,结合济南市实际,提出了有针对性的对策与建议。     

柴油机尾气中PAH_s的分析

本文概述了柴油机尾气中ＰＡＨｓ的分析方法，着重论述了采样及预处理方法，特别对预处理方法进行了深入的探讨。另外，通过对柴油机两种不同工况下产生的尾气进行分析后发现，柴油机转速越高，其排放尾气中ＰＡＨｓ的含量就越低。     

锅炉环境影响评价系统软件研究

用Ｃ语言作为开发语言，研制开发了锅炉环境影响评价系统软件，软件充分利用Ｃ语言模块化，过程化的优点，源程序由１２个模块组成。经编译连接生成一个可执行程序，用户只需输入１５个必需的原始参数，软件即可自动查询，计算大量的中间参数，并立即给出污染源强及污染物在周围环境中分布的预测和评价结果。     

From proposal to decision: Suggestions for tightening up the “NEPA process”

Although the process of documenting compliance with NEPA (the National Environmental Policy Act) requires no drastic revisions, it can be managed more rigorously. Suggestions for revision can be grouped under five major steps: 1) getting a complete proposal from the applicant; 2) getting the decision-making process onto the right decision-making path; 3) modifying the applicant's proposal 4) going down a shorter path through the EA/FONSI (environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact) or through categorical exclusion review; and 5) going down the longer path through the EIS. Step 2 is perhaps the most critical, because there a decision must be made whether to write an EA/FONSI or an EIS, on the basis of whether the proposal would “significantly affect … the … environment.” In the past, this decision has not always been made promptly or rigorously. Accordingly, we suggest that the agency responsible for NEPA compliance should develop a system (a “black box”), consisting of a core group of specialists working with an interdisciplinary team, using sophisticated techniques for modeling impacts and directing both their research and their writing according to the concept of significance. By determining more efficiently and reliably whether the impacts of a proposal would be significant, such an approach would improve management of the total process.     

关于中小城市生活垃圾的处理与回收利用的探讨

对城市生活垃圾的分类回收、处理进行了探讨，对完善城市基础设施建设，改善投资环境将起到重要作用。