新生MnO2对水中活性艳红K-2G的脱色作用研究

以化学法合成的新生MnO2作吸附剂，对水中活性艳红K－2G进行吸附脱色研究，探讨了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理，结果表明：新生MnO2对活性艳红K－2G的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式，吸附前溶液pH值是影响染料脱色效果的最主要因素，染料浓度，MnO2投加量和温度影响程度较小，在实验条件下可使活性艳红K－2G的脱色率高达96％。     

铅对大鼠海马神经元瞬间外向钾电流和延迟整流钾电流的影响

利用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了铅对大鼠海马CA1区神经元瞬间外向钾电流(IA)和延迟整流(IK)的影响．结果表明，铅可浓度依赖地抑制IA和IK，半数抑制浓度分别为37μmol L^-1和30μmol L^-1．此外还与电压呈依赖关系．50μmol L^-1的Pb(Ac)2可非常显著地影响IA和IK的激活过程，还非常显著地影响IA的失活过程，使激活和失活曲线均右移．铅可抑制大鼠海马神经元的IA和IK，并改变IA和IK的激活和失活过程．这可能是铅损伤海马神经元的作用机制之一．图5参16     

AM真菌和施钾量对烟草植株钾素累积和分布的交互效应

采用盆栽试验，研究了不同施K水平下接种AM真菌摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）对烤烟烟叶生长和植株中K素累积和分布的影响。结果表明，不同施K水平对AM真菌的接种效果有显著的影响，以每公斤土施K2O0.75-1.125g时接种效果最好。接种AM真菌提高了烟草根系菌根侵染率，增加了烟叶总干重，其中对中位烟叶效果明显，上位和下位烟叶因施K量而异，接种AM真菌显著增加了K在叶中的分配比例，减少了K在茎中的分配比例，提高了烟叶中K素的累积量，增加了成熟期烟叶K的含量。表5参8。     

铝与土壤之间的表面化学反应及其后果

80年代以来，由于酸雨的发生及其对农业生产和生态环境的危害，土壤酸化问题再次成为土壤化学研究的热点．铝离子的土壤化学行为是土壤酸化的根本原因，而铝的吸附是给离子的土壤化学行为的重要方面．因此．研究铝的吸附有助于提示土壤酸化的本质，为防治土壤酸化提供有益的信息．本文综述了近30年来铝离子吸附的研究进展．其中包括吸附性铝离子的形态；铝的吸附表面；阴离子对铝吸附的影响；铝吸附的机理；铝的吸附对土壤性质的影响等．     

Geochronology and geochemistry of eclogites from the Mariánské Lázne Complex, Czech Republic: Implications for Variscan orogenesis

The Mariánské Lázn complex (MLC) is located in the Bohemian Massif along the north-western margin of the Teplá-Barrandian microplate and consists of metagabbro, amphibolite and eclogite, with subordinate amounts of serpentinite, felsic gneiss and calcsilicate rocks. The MLC is interpreted as a metaophiolite complex that marks the suture zone between the Saxothuringian rocks to the north-west and the Teplá-Barrandian microplate to the south-east. Sm-Nd geochronology of garnet-omphacite pairs from two eclogite samples yields ages of 377±7, and 367±4 Ma. Samples of eclogite and amphibolite do not define a whole rock Sm-Nd isochron, even though there is a large range in Sm/Nd ratio, implying that the suite of samples may not be cogenetic. Eclogites do not have correlated _Nd values and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. Five of the eight eclogite samples have high _Nd values (+10.2 to +7.1) consistent with derivation from a MORB-like source, but variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7059) which probably reflect hydrothermal seawater alteration. Three other eclogite samples have lower _Nd values (+ 5.4 to –0.8) and widely variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7096). Such low _Nd values are inconsistent with derivation from a MORB, source and may reflect a subduction or oceanic island basalt component in their source. The MLC is an important petrotectonic element in the Bohemian Massif, providing evidence for Cambro-Ordovician formation of oceanic crust and interaction with seawater, Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) high- and medium-pressure metamorphism related to closure of a Saxothuringian ocean basin, Early Carboniferous (Viséan) thrusting of the Teplá terrane over Saxothuringian rocks and Late Viséan extension.     

Changes of plasma membrane AtPase activity, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina seedlings with various salinities

The salt-secreting mangrove, Avicennia marina, and non-salt-secreting mangrove, Kande/ia candel were cultivated in sand with various salinities(0‰, 100‰, 20‰, 30‰, 40‰) for 60 d. Plasma membrane vesicles of highpurity in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were obtained by two-phase partitioning. The function of the plasma membranes, the activity of ATPase, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient, at various salinities were investigated. The results showed that within a certain range of salinity( A. marina and roots of K. candel: 0-30‰; leaves of K. candel: 0-20‰), the activity of ATPase increased with increasing salinity, while high salinity (above 30‰ or 20‰) inhibited ATPase activity. In comparison with A. marina, K.candel appeared to be more sensitive to salinity. The dynamics of membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were similar to that of ATPase. When treated directly by NaCl all the indexes were inhibited markedly: there was a little increase within 0-10‰( K. candel) or 0-20‰( A. marina) followed by sharp declining. It indicated that the structure and function of plasma membrane was damaged severely.     

Degradation of Polylactide by Commercial Proteases

Fifty-six commercially available proteases were tested for polylactide-degrading activity. Little or no activity was found in acid and neutral proteases, while some alkaline proteases formed appreciable amounts of lactic acid from polylactide. These polylactide-degrading proteases were derived from Bacillus species and had catalytic activity even under neutral, as well as alkaline, conditions. Savinase (Novo Nordisk) degraded polylactide the fastest among the enzymes tested and its specific activity corresponded to about one-half of proteinase K. Polylactide-degrading activity was not always present in the enzymes that affected keratin, while polylactide-degrading proteases commonly hydrolyzed keratin. A significant correlation was observed between degrading activities of polylactide and keratin in alkaline proteases.     

Correlations between potassium, rubidium and cesium ((133)Cs and (137)Cs) in sporocarps of Suillus variegatus in a Swedish boreal forest

An analysis of sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus variegatus assessed whether cesium (¹³³Cs and ¹³⁷Cs) uptake was correlated with potassium (K) or rubidium (Rb) uptake. The question was whether intraspecific correlations of Rb, K and ¹³³Cs mass concentrations with ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations in sporocarps were higher within, rather than among, different fungal species, and if genotypic origin of sporocarps within a population affected uptake and correlation. Sporocarps (n = 51) from a Swedish forest population affected by the fallout after the Chernobyl accident were studied. The concentrations were 31.9 ± 6.79 g kg⁻¹ for K (mean ± SD, dwt), 0.40 ± 0.09 g kg⁻¹ for Rb, 8.7 ± 4.36 mg kg⁻¹ for ¹³³Cs and 63.7 ± 24.2 kBq kg⁻¹ for ¹³⁷Cs. The mass concentrations of ¹³³Cs correlated with ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations (r = 0.61). There was correlation between both ¹³³Cs concentrations (r = 0.75) and ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations (r = 0.44) and Rb, but the ¹³⁷Cs/¹³³Cs isotopic ratio negatively correlated with Rb concentration. Concentrations of K and Rb were weakly correlated (r = 0.51). The ¹³³Cs mass concentrations, ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations and ¹³⁷Cs/¹³³Cs isotopic ratios did not correlate with K concentrations. No differences between, within or, among genotypes in S. variegatus were found. This suggested the relationships between K, Rb, ¹³³Cs and ¹³⁷Cs in sporocarps of S. variegatus is similar to other fungal species.     

Solving mercury (Hg) speciation in soil samples by synchrotron X-ray microspectroscopic techniques

Direct mercury (Hg) speciation was assessed for soil samples with a Hg concentration ranging from 7 up to 240 mg kg⁻¹. Hg chemical forms were identified and quantified by sequential extractions and bulk- and micro-analytical techniques exploiting synchrotron generated X-rays. In particular, microspectroscopic techniques such as μ-XRF, μ-XRD and μ-XANES were necessary to solve bulk Hg speciation, in both soil fractions <2 mm and <2 μm. The main Hg-species found in the soil samples were metacinnabar (β-HgS), cinnabar (α-HgS), corderoite (Hg₃S₂Cl₂), and an amorphous phase containing Hg bound to chlorine and sulfur. The amount of metacinnabar and amorphous phases increased in the fraction <2 μm. No interaction among Hg-species and soil components was observed. All the observed Hg-species originated from the slow weathering of an inert Hg-containing waste material (K106, U.S. EPA) dumped in the area several years ago, which is changing into a relatively more dangerous source of pollution.     

控制Na~+转运以及维持Na~+/K~+平衡有助于提高植物的耐盐性

盐害(包括土壤次生盐渍化)造成的日益严重的环境问题已在世界范围内引起了广泛关注。大量针对植物耐盐分子机制的研究已开展,旨在更好地了解植物自身的耐盐机制。到目前为止,已获取了大量关于植物耐盐性机制的信息。同时,人们正在形成一个共识,即植物维持自身细胞离子平衡的能力是其具有耐盐性的关键。Na+/H+、K+/H+和Na+/K+逆向转运蛋白及其同源蛋白在植物细胞维持离子平衡中的关键作用受到了人们越来越多的关注。结合前人的研究结果和最新的研究动态,着重阐述了Na+转运控制和维持细胞离子平衡在植物耐盐过程中的机理及其重要作用。