An integrated assessment method of urban drainage system:A case study in Shenzhen City,China

In recent years, the urban drainage system in China is facing the dual pressure of renovation and construction. This requires that the integrated assessment for the planning and operation of the urban drainage system is obligatory. To evaluate the urban drainage system, an integrated assessment methodology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), integrated simulation, and fuzzy assessment is established. This method is a multi-criteria decision adding app roach to the assessment of the urban drainage system comprehensively. Through the integration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a simple wastewater treatment plant model, and a surface water quality model, an integrated modelling system for the urban drainage system is developed and applied as a key tool for assessment. Using the established method, a case study in Shenzhen City has been implemented to evaluate and compare two urban drainage system reno vation plans, the distributed plan and the centralized plan. Because of the particularity of this case study, the established method is not applied entirely. Considering the water environ mental impact, ecological impact, technological feasibility, and economic cost, the integrated performance of the distri buted plan is better. As shown in this case study, the proposed method is found to be both effective and practical.     

Toxic effects of fluoranthene and copper on marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

To investigate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals on the population reproduction,antioxidative defense system and cell ultrastructure of the marine diatom,fluoranthene and Cu2+ were selected to test their toxicity to Phaeodactylum tricorntum,in the laboratory.The results indicated that both fluoranthene and Cu2+ inhibited population reproduction of P.tricorntum.When the algal cells were exposed to fluoranthene or Cu2+ for 72 h,ultrastructure damage in the cells was observed un...     

硫酸盐废水生物脱硫研究进展

含硫酸盐废水的污染是一个全球性的问题。生物脱硫技术处理该类废水具有投资少、成本低、去除率高,无二次污染等优点,而成为废水处理技术的前沿课题。文章简要介绍了生物脱硫技术的基本原理;描述了废水脱硫微生物种类及其影响因素;重点阐述了国内外硫酸盐废水生物脱硫工艺的沿革和最新进展,并在此基础上,提出了酸酸盐废水生物脱硫技术的发展前景。     

高含水率垃圾与污泥混合堆肥实验研究

采用好氧堆肥工艺处理高含水率城市生活垃圾和脱水污泥。高含水率垃圾(含水率≥65%)经过一段时间静置预处理,含水率降至55%左右,破碎筛分,取筛下物和脱水污泥进行好氧堆肥。结果显示预处理垃圾和污泥在质量比1～3之间时,堆肥过程可以达到卫生化和稳定化的处理要求,质量比为1时升温速度快,堆肥周期短,有较好的堆肥效果;回用部分处理后堆肥可以大大缩短堆肥启动时间。     

稀土镧(La)及La(POA)3对镉污染绿豆幼苗生理影响

以水培的方式研究了稀土元素镧及其配合物La(POA)3(HPOA=苯氧乙酸)对绿豆幼苗的生理生态影响。结果表明,单一镉(10mg/L)胁迫时,NR、CAT及POD活性下降,而MDA、Pro含量上升;较低浓度(5～30mg/L)的镧及其配合物能明显地促进绿豆幼苗生长,并且可以缓解镉对绿豆幼苗的胁迫作用,经镧及其配合物作用后,上述生理指标皆比单一镉胁迫时有明显的改善,而高浓度(100mg/L)的镧及其配合物对镉污染的缓解作用都减弱;另外,较低浓度(10、15、30mg/L)的La(POA)3对镉胁迫的缓解作用较镧更明显;随着作用时间的延长,镧及其配合物对绿豆幼苗镉污染的缓解作用均逐渐下降。     

基于GIS技术的危险废物资源管理系统的研究

文章将地理信息技术引入到危险废物管理中,主要通过对基于GIS危险废物管理信息系统的设计,将危险废物管理、计算机和GIS技术结合在一起,为城市的危险废物提供一个快捷、方便、科学的管理和决策支持的计算机系统。通过该系统的开发,能有效管理分布在城市各处的危险废物,减轻其对城市及周边环境的污染,对城市的开发建设和环境保护起到一定的借鉴作用。     

Characterization of humic acids extracted from the sediments of the various rivers and lakes in China

The humic acids (HAs) isolated from the sediments of the various rivers,lakes,and reservoirs in China were studied using elemental analyzer,fourier transform infrared (FT-IR),and CP/MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.The results showed that the HAs were characterized by some common chemical and physicochemical properties,but they also pose some differences in the C-containing functional groups.The C/N,C/H,O/C,and O/H ratios differ widely for the various HAs,showing that the elemental comp...     

固定化反硝化聚磷菌同步除磷脱氮实验研究

实验采用海藻酸钠和PVA添加膨润土包埋固定经富集驯化的以反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)为主的活性污泥,利用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜考察了固定化小球的形态和表面结构,并对厌氧/好氧条件下,包埋小球除磷脱氮性能进行探讨,结果表明:固定化小球具有良好的强化生物除磷和较好的反硝化脱氮性能,体系的COD去除率平均达74.9%,平均除磷效率为95.3%,氨氮平均去除率达到95.2%左右。小球若长时间缺氧,在其内部会出现厌氧区,并产生厌氧放磷现象。     

抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)——一种新型环境污染物

抗生素的环境污染与生态毒性近年来引起了日益广泛的关注.水产养殖和畜牧业抗生素长期滥用的直接后果,很可能诱导动物体内抗生素抗性基因,经排泄后将对养殖区域及其周边环境造成潜在基因污染.抗性基因还极有可能在环境中传播、扩散.对公共健康和食品、饮用水安全构成威胁.为此,提出了将抗生素抗性基因作为一类新型环境污染物,对该类污染物在环境中的来源、潜在的传播途径以及国内外相关研究进展进行综述,指出了当前形势下我国开展环境中抗生素抗性基因污染研究的必要性,建议尽快从国家层面上系统进行抗生素抗性基因的环境污染机理与控制对策研究.     

邯郸市物质流分析

利用邯郸市统计年鉴数据和实地调研资料,采用城市物质流分析框架研究邯郸市2005年物质流全景和1993─2005年物质输入和输出结构的时间序列变化.结果表明:13年间邯郸市地区生产总值增长3.4倍,物质输入增长1.1倍,物质生产力增长1.1倍,由1993年的151.8元/t上升至2005年的320.9元/t,反映了邯郸市前期经济发展与资源投入具有明显的“脱钩"现象;另一方面,邯郸市仍然遵循着“高投入、高排放"的发展模式,2005年物质净存量仅占全年物质通量的12.2%,大部分物质在开采当年并不进入经济系统而直接排放到生态系统中;同时,邯郸市经济发展的对外依存度逐年升高,从该市外调入的物质量所占比例由1993年的10.2%上升至2005年的39.2%,表明邯郸市经济发展将面临更大的资源