谷氨酸发酵废菌体的水解与替代酵母膏生产多聚谷氨酸

为研究谷氨酸发酵废菌体水解液用作培养基氮源的可行性,以蛋白质水解度和溶解度为衡量指标,采用化学、生物、物理以及这几种方法的联合处理,通过正交优化实验,得出了菌体蛋白水解的最佳工艺条件为化学-生物联合处理,在盐酸浓度3 mol·L-1、温度110 ℃、料液比1:0.5、水解12 h后使用酸性蛋白酶酶解,调节料液pH为4、酶底比2.5%、温度55 ℃、酶解8 h,水解完成后蛋白质水解度达到47.18%,溶解度达到94.09%。在总氮相等的情况下,将水解液和酵母膏以不同的比例组合,替代正常发酵产γ-聚谷氨酸过程的氮源。结果表明谷氨酸发酵废菌体经过最佳工艺水解后,其水解液可以用作发酵产γ-聚谷氨酸的氮源。     

零价铁活化过一硫酸盐联合单宁酸调理改善市政污泥脱水性能的机理研究

探讨了零价铁（ZVI）活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）联合单宁酸（TA）调理对市政污泥高压压滤深度脱水的影响;通过单因素试验,考察了TA、ZVI和PMS投加量及初始pH值对污泥脱水性能的影响,并深入探究实现污泥深度脱水的潜在机理.结果表明,初始pH值为6.0,ZVI投加量为120 mg·g^-1干污泥量（DS）,PMS投加量为100 mg·g^-1DS,TA投加量为0.06 mmol·L^-1·g^-1DS时,污泥的脱水效果达到最佳,比阻（SRF）和结合水去除率分别高达88.60%和53.17%.经调理联合高压压滤系统处理后,污泥泥饼含水率由89.75%降低至45.17%.进一步研究表明,联合调理实现污泥深度脱水分为3个阶段,包括氧化、絮凝和蛋白质沉淀.最终,ZVI/PMS联合TA调理可大幅提高污泥的脱水性能.该研究结果可为ZVI/PMS联合TA调理技术在市政污泥深度脱水中的应用提供一定的参考价值.     

真鲷去毒相关基因cDNA序列的克隆与肝脏组成型表达分析

赤潮发生时产生的一些海洋生物毒素对人类和海洋动物的安全形成潜在的威胁甚至导致死亡.为从分子水平探讨鱼类中海洋藻毒素的去毒分子机理,采用RT-PCR法克隆了真鲷(Pagrus major)肝脏芳香烃受体核转位蛋白(ARNT)和I时相异生素代谢酶细胞色素P4501A(CYP1A)基因cDNA核心序列,同时,应用半定量RT-PCR方法,以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,在其指数期增长的范围内研究了芳香烃受体(AHR)、ARNT、CYP1A、II时相异生素代谢酶alpha型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTA1、GSTA2)、rho型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTR)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因组成型表达水平.结果发现,真鲷ARNT、CYP1A基因cDNA核心序列片段分别长438bp和908bp,分别编码146和302个氨基酸.序列同源性分析发现,真鲷与门齿鲷(Stenotomus chrysops)、石首鱼(Micropogon undulatus)ARNT基因氨基酸序列同源性高达97.2%、95.2%,与斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)、人、大鼠、小鼠ARNT同源性较低(77.2%～79.3%).真鲷与门齿鲷、金头鲷(Sparus auratus)、欧洲川鲽(Rhombus maximus)、欧洲海鲈(Dicentrachus labrax)CYP1A基因氨基酸序列同源性较高,为84.8%～94.0%,与斑马鱼、人、小鼠CYP1A同源性较低,为59.6%～77.8%.真鲷肝脏AHR、ARNT、CYP1A、GSTA1、GSTA2、GSTR和HSP70基因组成型表达水平分别为(25.32±6.56)%、(26.22±4.24)%、(146.5±16.06)%、(55.42±3.75)%、(48.82±10.89)%、(79.47±3.13)%、(107.42±14.34)%.     

绿色荧光蛋白基因标记内生枯草芽孢杆菌

用枯草芽孢杆菌168菌株rpsD基因的启动子替换质粒pGFP4412中蜡状芽孢杆菌4412启动子,从而构建了能在枯草芽孢杆菌中表达绿色荧光蛋白基因gfpmut3a的载体pS4GFP,将其导入具有内生、防病、促生作用的野生型枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2菌株中,筛选获得遗传稳定性好且具有良好发光表型的标记菌株BS-2-gfp.该标记菌株在小白菜体内的定殖研究结果表明,该菌株能够在小白菜根际及根、茎、叶内定殖和传导,接菌50d后仍能在其体内分离到标记菌株.图5参17     

TMV或宁南霉素处理对烟草叶片及类囊体膜蛋白组成的影响

对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)侵染、宁南霉素钝化处理的烟草叶片进行了叶片全蛋白多肽组分、类囊体膜蛋白组成的分析.结果表明,TMV侵染或钝化实验的烟草叶片中均出现TMV衣壳蛋白;但是与对照相比,TMV侵染叶片中Rubisco大亚基减少、小亚基增加,类囊体膜蛋白中PsaA、PsaB和Mr=33×103蛋白含量减少.表明TMV侵染要同时影响叶片细胞核基因组和叶绿体基因组的基因表达,从而影响光合作用碳代谢和类囊体膜光系统Ⅰ和Ⅱ.宁南霉素对TMV病毒短时间内具有钝化作用,而较长时间的作用效果不同,10 min钝化样品的蛋白组分保持较为完整,而30 min钝化样品的多肽缺失较为严重.图5表1参11     

Production and application of a novel bioflocculant by multiple-microorganism consortia using brewery wastewater as carbon source

The flocculating activity of a novel bioflocculant MMF1 produced by multiple-microorganism consortia MM1 was investigated. MM1 was composed of strain BAFRT4 identified as Staphylococcus sp. and strain CYGS1 identified as Pseudomonas sp. The flocculating activity of MMF1 isolated from the screening medium was 82.9%, which is remarkably higher than that of the bioflocculant produced by either of the strains under the same condition. Brewery wastewater was also used as the carbon source for MM1, and the cost-effective production medium for MM1 mainly comprised 1.0 L brewery water （chemical oxygen demand （COD） 5000 mg/L）, 0.5 g/L urea, 0.5 g/L yeast extract, and 0.2 g/L （NH4）2SO4. The optimal conditions for the production of MMF1 was inoculum size 2%, initial pH 6.0, cultivating temperature 30℃, and shaking speed 160 r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the MMF1 reached 96.8%. Fifteen grams of purified bioflocculant could be recovered from 1.0 L of fermentation broth. MMF1 was identified as a macromolecular substance containing both protein and polysaccharide. It showed good flocculating performance in treating indigotin printing and dyeing wastewater, and the maximal removal efficiencies of COD and chroma were 79.2% and 86.5%, respectively.     

双菌联合固态发酵生产酒糟菌体蛋白饲料的试验研究

利用以JZ－1和JZ－2组成的双菌发酵体系对白酒酒糟进行高蛋白菌体饲料化生物转化。方法为:以预处理过的酒糟粉为主要培养基,添加少许辅料,调节培养料酸度至pH为5.5～6.0,接种上述2种液体菌种进行固态发酵。该方法的培养周期为22～24 h,所得酒糟菌体蛋白饲料的粗蛋白含量接近33%,粗纤维小于14%,氨基酸种类齐全。      

PBS基共聚物对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响研究

采用人工土壤法,以蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的变化为指标,研究了不同分子量可生物降解材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚己内酯(PBS-co-PCL)共聚物对蚯蚓的急性毒性。研究结果表明:数均分子量为8.0×103和1.6×104实验中,蚯蚓蛋白质均表现出随PBS-co-PCL含量的增大而减小的趋势,但最终蛋白质含量与空白实验基本一致;数均分子量为2.8×104的PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓的影响比较小,不随共聚物含量的增加而变化,与空白实验基本保持相同水平。以上结果表明:不同分子量PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响不大,对蚯蚓是安全的。     

穗花狐尾藻生长及酚类物质含量对光照强度的响应研究

沉水植物穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)能产生对水华蓝藻生长有抑制效应的酚类活性物质。为了揭示光照强度对穗花狐尾藻的生长及其体内酚类物质含量的影响,文章研究了不同光照强度下穗花狐尾藻的生物量及其顶端组织与茎中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总酚的含量以及与酚类代谢相关酶——苯丙氨酸裂解酶(Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)的活性,结果表明:穗花狐尾藻生物量随着光照强度的减弱而显著降低;高光照强度和中等光照强度下,顶端组织中可溶性蛋白、总酚含量和PAL酶活都明显高于茎中各指标;茎中的总酚含量、PAL酶活性在低光照强度下显著高于高光照强度和中等光照强度下。     

Effect of ozone pre-treatment on sludge production of aerobic digestion processes

The effect of ozone in a chemical sludge disintegration process was evaluated. Sludge solution chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and settling were investigated in single and sequential processes. A significant influence of ozone dose on sludge disintegration was observed: ozone was utilised to degrade the soluble organic matter and to destroy cell surfaces and release the cell liquids. For a single ozonation step, we found an optimum ozone dose in the range of 0.008–0.013 g O₃/g TSS to give the best COD and TSS removal efficiency. Disintegrated sludge was treated in a sequential process consisting of consecutive ozonation and bio-aeration (i.e. O₃ + biological treatment). The tendency was dependent on accumulated ozone, treatment time and operational conditions. An accumulated ozone dose of 0.055 g O₃/g TSS in two separate ozonation processes followed by biological treatments led to COD and TSS removal efficiency of 53 and 46.6%, respectively. The removal efficiency was improved by increasing aerobic treatment time and/or by mixing ozonated sludge with non-ozonated sludge. The settling ability of sludge was found to be fast at very low specific ozone doses. An observed tendency was the effect of ozone on cell disintegration and protein liberation. The use of sequential processes improved the settling tendency of sludge.