Reduction of nitrogen excretion and emission in poultry: A review for organic poultry

Organic poultry is an alternative to conventional poultry which is rapidly developing as a response to customers' demand for better food and a cleaner environment. Although organic poultry manure can partially be utilized by organic horticultural producers, litter accumulation as well as excessive nitrogen still remains a challenge to maintain environment pureness, animal, and human health. Compared to conventional poultry, diet formulation without nitrogen overloading in organic poultry is even more complicated due to specific standards and regulations which limit the application of some supplements and imposes specific criteria to the ingredients in use. This is especially valid for methionine provision which supplementation as a crystalline form is only temporarily allowed. This review is focused on the utilization of various protein sources in the preparation of a diet composed of 100% organic ingredients which meet the avian physiology need for methionine, while avoiding protein overload. The potential to use unconventional protein sources such as invertebrates and microbial proteins to achieve optimal amino acid provision is also discussed.     

雪松聚球藻对重金属镉的抗性和解毒作用

培养液中不同浓度（c）的重金属镉（Cd）对雪松聚藻（Synechococcuscedrorum）有相当的致毒作用,当c（Cd）＞2μmol／L时,藻体的生长和光合作用均明显受到抑制,c＞10μmol／L时,藻细胞出现解体,光合放氧量几近0,然而,当按梯度逐级提高培养基中c（Cd）时,雪松聚球藻则相应产生对有毒金属Cd的抗性,在即使c（Cd）达20μmol／L的培养基中亦生长良好．为探讨该藻对重金属致毒的抗性产生机理及其解毒作用,对藻体蛋白和胞内Cd进行了分离检测,结果表明：Cd在进入藻细胞后,与胞内多肽结合形成一种大分子量的色素蛋白复合体,和一种低分子量的金属结合蛋白,特别是后一种蛋白在藻细胞中的含量明显受外界Cd的诱导,并起解毒作用．     

根瘤菌新类群的全细胞蛋白电泳及16S rDNA全序列分析

应用ＳＤＳ全细胞蛋白电泳技术对根瘤菌３个新类群进行聚类分析,并对３个新类群中心菌株的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ全序列（Ｍｒ≈１．５ｋｂ）进行了测定。将所测序列与ＥＭＢＬ／ＢａｎｋＩＴ／ＤＤＢＪ资料库中根瘤菌及相关菌已知种的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ全序列进行聚类比较,得到系统发育树状图,树状图中,菌株ＳＨ２２６２３和ＳＨ１９３１２与山羊豆根瘤菌、葡萄土壤杆菌、根癌土壤杆菌和悬钩子土壤杆菌在同一个分支上,彼此亲缘关系较     

干旱地区几种豆科植物根瘤菌的数值分类和SDS-PAGE全细胞蛋白电泳分析

从新疆、内蒙干旱地区苜蓿属、草木樨属、锦鸡儿属植物的根瘤中分离出５４株根瘤菌,对其中４８株根瘤菌和２２株参比菌一起进行了数值分类研究,在８５％的相似性水平上,未知菌分为３个不同于已知种的新群．另加入６株分离自锦鸡儿属植物的根瘤菌,共７６株菌进行了全细胞蛋白ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ分析,在８０％的相似性水平上,已知菌相应成群,未知菌除ＸＪ９６３４２在６８％的相似性水平上和群５、６、７、８、Ｒ．ｇａｌｅｇａ聚群外,其余未知菌则分布在４、５、６、７、８、９、１０七个群中．群４中所有菌株属于数值分类的群１;群６中有３株菌属于数值分类的群３;群９中有８株菌为数值分类群２的菌株．反映了两种方法在分类上得到的结果比较近似．     

ELISA detection of multixenobiotic resistance transporter induction in indigenous freshwater Chironomidae larvae (Diptera): A biomarker calibration step for in situ monitoring of xenobiotic exposure

A new simple and sensitive method to distinguish chemically polluted from unpolluted situations in freshwater ecosystems is reported. For this purpose, Chironomus gr thumni larvae were collected from a polluted urban river downstream a sewage treatment plant. For the first time, ELISA assay was used to semi-quantify the multixenobiotic resistance transporters (MXR) in these small pertinent bioindicators. The use of samples immediately fixed in the field gives a delay to isolate larvae and allows multi-sampling along a longitudinal transect in a river at a given time. Results exhibit an induction of MXR proteins in larvae from the polluted river and a deinduction in larvae maintained 11days in unpolluted water. They show new evidences to use midge larvae in biomonitoring environmental programs. They answer to first biomarker calibration steps for the ongoing development of MXR transporters as a detection tool of xenobiotic impacts on bioindicator invertebrates in their freshwater habitats.     

不同温度条件下呋喃丹对赤子爱胜蚓体内蛋白含量以及SOD和AChE活性的影响

采用滤纸法研究不同温度下呋喃丹对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)死亡率、体内蛋白含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的影响.研究发现,10 ℃下,蚯蚓体内蛋白含量在30 mg·L-1呋喃丹处理时略有升高,而后随时间和浓度的升高,蛋白含量则随之降低;各浓度处理组的SOD活性值基本上高于对照组,48和72 h的SOD活性比24 h时平均提高220%和148%.时间和浓度对蛋白含量和SOD活性的影响达到极显著(P＜0.01).而在20 ℃下,蚯蚓体内蛋白含量和SOD活性变化规律均不明显,表明当温度升高时,呋喃丹对蚯蚓生理生化指标的作用更趋于复杂.在2种温度下,农药对蚯蚓体内AChE活性都具有明显抑制作用,AChE活性在处理时段内的最高降低率为90%.结果表明:温度对蚯蚓死亡率、蛋白含量以及SOD和AChE活性影响显著,AChE可以作为一个稳定的生物监测指标用于评价农药对土壤环境的污染影响.     

Women and children last: An essay on sex discrimination in disasters

In general, little attention has been given to differential survival between the sexes in disasters. Consideration of physiological differences between males and females would suggest that, all things being equal, morbidity and mortality after disaster, particularly where food shortage is involved, should indicate an excess male mortality. Such statistics as exist in disasters, as in chronic underdevelopment, show that it is females and especially girl children who are at highest risk. The basis of this lies in sex discrimination which is implicit in most social systems.     

Analysis of styrene oxide-hemoglobin adducts at different binding sites

Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓｔｙｒｅｎｅｏｘｉｄｅ－ｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎａｄｄｕｃｔｓａｔｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｓｉｔｅｓＪｉｎＺｕｌｉａｎｇ，ＬｉｕＳｈｕｆｅｎＴｈｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｒｅｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎ...     

浅谈生物环境材料研究

采用“生物菌化”和“蛋白变性”技术处理秸秆植物（包括渣、壳、饼），加工制造可降解的环境材料。该技术具有废料再利用、清洁生产，产品无害可降解、废弃后可作为饲料和肥料的特点。     

盐析法从利福霉素SV钠废渣中回收蛋白质的研究

用盐析法破坏蛋白质水溶液的亲水胶体系统 ,从含水 89%左右 ,蛋白质 5 %左右 ,总固含量 11%左右的利福霉素SV钠废渣中 ,回收制得粗蛋白质约 39 0 9%的蛋白饲料。盐析处理后的药渣 ,机械脱水率大于 70 %