EGSB出水回流对EGSB—SBR工艺处理果汁废水的影响

采用EGSB—SBR工艺处理实际果汁废水(COD 2 608~6 500 mg/L,p H 5.0~7.0)。在EGSB反应器成功启动及驯化完成的情况下,连续运行49 d。实验结果表明:第25天起,控制EGSB回流比为3.00∶1,EGSB反应器可在无须添加Na HCO3的条件下稳定运行,从而降低了废水处理成本;第25天起,平均进水COD,BOD5,SS分别为5 968,2 130,1 020 mg/L,平均出水COD,BOD5,SS分别降至131,11,50 mg/L,平均COD,BOD5,SS去除率分别为98%,99%,95%;组合工艺对该实际果汁废水具有良好的处理效果。     

原子吸收石墨炉技术测定水中痕量阴离子洗涤剂

本文研究了用乙二胺铜(Ⅱ)—氯仿作为络合—萃取体系,石墨炉原子吸收技术间接测定水中痕量阴离子洗涤剂的一种方法。其检出限为2.0ug/1,加标回收率为89.6%～104.5%。具有选择性好、灵敏度高、快速简便等特点。同时还研究了水样的酸度和共存离子对测定的影响。对于用原子吸收进行有机分析具有一定的实际意义。     

Experimental investigation of the performance of modified expanded graphite powder doped with zinc borate in extinguishing sodium fires

Sodium is the main cooling medium in the circuit of fourth-generation nuclear reactors, and its leakage constitutes a severe fire hazard because of its high chemical activity. In this study, expandable graphite (EG), which is a traditional sodium fire-extinguishing agent, was modified with zinc borate (ZB) as an intercalator, and the modified EG_ZB was characterized. Moreover, the effectiveness of the modified EG_ZB in extinguishing sodium fires was tested using a self-developed fire-extinguishing experimental device. This study's results indicated that EG, EG_ZB had a smaller particle size, higher thermal stability, higher fire-extinguishing speed, and lower powder mass consumption than EG. During the fire-extinguishing process, ZnO decomposed by ZB captured free radicals and inhibited the combustion reaction. Furthermore, B₂O₃ was adsorbed on the surface of the EG layer, which strengthened covering and asphyxiation. The findings of this study provide crucial information for effectively controlling fires caused by active metals and metallo-organic compounds.     

聚合反应时间对聚酰亚胺基碳膜结构和性能的影响研究

目的 系统研究前驱体聚合反应时间对PI膜及其碳化、石墨化后薄膜结构和性能的影响规律。方法 通过调整聚合合成聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液过程中的反应时间,制备石墨膜前驱体聚酰亚胺(PI)原膜,将不同工艺条件下制得的PI膜进行碳化、石墨化处理,得到高导热率石墨膜。利用扫描电镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱仪和LFA激光闪射仪对制备的PI膜、碳化膜及石墨膜的微观结构和热导率进行检测。结果 随聚合反应时间的延长,PI膜酰亚胺化程度和石墨膜的石墨化程度及导热性能先增高、后降低。反应时间为3 h时,制得的石墨膜结构致密,石墨片层取向性好,导热性能最好,热导率可达765.2 W/(m.K)。结论 PI膜前驱体聚合反应时间显著影响PI膜酰亚胺化的程度和有序度,进而影响石墨膜的定向性和导热性能。     

高浓度苯酚在石墨电极上电解特性的研究

研制了数据在线采集记录系统对高浓度苯酚在石墨电极上电解过程的循环伏安行为进行了研究。采用连续循环伏安法考察了体系电解的特点,并考察了支持电解质、扫描速率、苯酚的浓度对反应体系的影响。结果表明:峰电流密度与扫描速率的平方根及苯酚浓度呈线性递增关系,支持电解质的添加量在苯酚电解过程存在最佳值,多次扫描过程中峰电流密度有下降趋势。实验推断电解效率下降是由于电极表面被聚合物污染导致,这一现象对电解处理有机物种的系统控制过程具有重要意义。     

Performance and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was loaded on expanded graphite (EG) to produce a composite material (EG-ZVI) for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). EG and EG-ZVI were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. EG-ZVI had a high specific surface area and contained sub-micron sized particles of zero-valent iron. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal performance. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal rate was 98.80% for EG-ZVI, which was higher than that for both EG (10.00%) and ZVI (29.80%). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(VI) by EG-ZVI showed little dependence on solution pH within a pH range of 1–9. Even at pH 11, a Cr(VI) removal rate of 62.44% was obtained after reaction for 1 hr. EG-ZVI could enhance the removal of Cr(VI) via chemical reduction and physical adsorption, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal, which indicated that the ZVI loaded on the surface was oxidized, and the removed Cr(VI) was immobilized via the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide and Cr(III)–Fe(III) hydroxide/oxyhydroxide on the surface of EG-ZVI.     

一种新型石墨电极的制备及其对苯酚的去除

为了探索一种对有机废水处理有效、廉价、来源广泛、环境友好的电极,以石墨、环氧树脂、固化剂和丙酮为原料,研究制备了一种新型石墨电极 (NGE). 分别采用热水浸泡、乙醇溶液回流、丙酮回流、超声-丙酮回流以及电化学法对制备的石墨电极进行预处理,前三者效果较差,超声-丙酮回流可改善处理效果,但不够理想,电化学法可取得满意的效果.苯酚降解的UV光谱分析表明,尽管商品石墨电极 (CGE) 比NGE具有更高的苯酚氧化效率,但其电解液积累大量的苯醌,而NGE电解液中苯醌积累量少,并且电解过程中逐渐降低. NGE比CGE具有更好的TOC去除效果,两者TOC去除率分别为40%和31%. SEM分析结果表明,CGE被严重腐蚀,NGE无明显变化,表现出良好的稳定性.     

基于数字图像相关方法的石墨高温杨氏模量测试

目的为了得到石墨在高温环境下的杨氏模量,为飞行器热防护系统和高温热结构的设计提供可靠的技术保障。方法基于数字图像相关(DIC)方法和通电电阻加热技术,建立一套测量材料在高温环境下力学性能的测试系统。利用该系统,测量高温下石墨试样的表面应变场和应力-应变曲线,计算相应温度下的杨氏模量。在1400℃实验环境下,采用基于DIC与高温引伸计的方法同时测量超高温陶瓷试件的拉伸应变数据,并进行比较验证。结果在1400℃实验环境下,采用基于DIC与高温引伸计方法测得超高温陶瓷的应变-时间曲线吻合良好,方差为1.3×10-7。1200~1900℃高温环境下,石墨的杨氏模量随温度的升高呈线性增长趋势。结论采用基于DIC方法准确有效,该方法可方便快速地实现对石墨材料在高温环境下杨氏模量的测量。另外,该方法也可应用于其他导电材料杨氏模量的测试。     

石墨探针采样/石墨探针炉原子吸收光谱测定APM中痕量铜

采用一定规格的石墨探针可直接收集大气微料物质（ＡＰＭ）。然后,立即采用石墨探针炉原子吸收光谱测定收集在探针上的ＡＰＭ中痕量铜。方法简便,快速。在０－５５０ｎｇ／ｍＬ范围内,铜的浓度与峰面积吸光度呈良好的线性关系。铜的特征量为２２．０ｐｇ,检出限为６．６ｎｇ／ｍＬ。分析标准参比材料,铜的回收率达９８％,相对标准偏差为３．３％。     

石墨探针收集/石墨探针炉原子吸收法直接测定APM中痕量铅

研究一种直接收集并测定大气微粒物质中痕量有害元素铅的新方法,石墨探针直接收集ＡＰＭ后,用石墨探针炉原子吸收法直接测定收集在探针上的ＡＰＭ中痕量铅。方法特征量为４４．００ｐｇ,检出限为４８．３６ｐｇ,,相对标准偏差为３．２２％,铅学度与峰面积吸光度在０－２５０μｇ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系,测定标准参比材料,其回收率为９４．４２％＿９９．１４％,并成功地测定了大气微粒物质中痕量铅的含量。