厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床处理高浓度链霉素含硫有机废水试验研究

介绍了采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床 (EGSB)反应器 -生物接触氧化法日处理 2 0 0t高浓度链霉素含硫有机废水的生产性试验研究。试验结果表明 ,厌氧EGSB反应器在控制中温发酵 (35± 1℃ )条件下 ,以低浓度CODCr2 0 0 0— 70 0 0mg/L ,CODCr/SO2 -4=7— 10进水 ,可有效降低反应器中毒性物质的抑制作用 ;进水CODCr在 70 0 0— 130 0 0mg/L ,水力停留时间(HRT)为 3— 5h ,pH值为 6 8— 7 2条件下 ,EGSB的最大容积负荷 15 8kgCODCr/m3 ·d ,对CODCr去除率可达 75 % ,对SO2 -4去除率也可有效地控制在 6 0 %— 70 %。进一步通过好氧生化处理 ,CODCr总去除率可达 91 3%。     

Reconstructed mass-spectrometric pattern for characterization of carbon compounds in smoker's lung in situ

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke is a major anthropogenic pollutant and contributes to the permanent load of ambient particulate matter in the air, particularly indoors. It is the leading risk factor for premature loss of life due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer. Smoker's lung and graphite pneumoconiosis are pathological states characterized by the deposition of carbonaceous particles. METHODS: Mass spectrometry was used to evaluate unstained lung sections obtained in vivo from a heavy smoker and a patient with occupationally acquired graphite pneumoconiosis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The composition of carbon compounds deposited in lung tissue samples is demonstrated here for the first time. Thirty carbonaceous-containing microareas from ten biopsies (three areas per biopsy) of lung tissues were analyzed mass-spectrometrically. In each case, the samples were taken from a smoker's lung or those demonstrating a graphite pneumoconiosis. The lung-tissue samples were selected by light microscopy before they were evaporated for mass spectrometry. First-order criteria were anionic and cationic mass peaks which occur within the mass patterns in lung tissues of smoker's lung, although not in graphite pneumoconiosis. Second-order criteria were mass peaks from smoker's lung with standard deviations SD < or = 14% of the mean value. First and second-order mass peaks matched the mass peaks of experimental cigarette-smoke condensate in 9 out of 11 peaks. A software program was developed that enabled fast, automated recognition of the typical mass peaks, and thereby confirmed the histological diagnosis of smoker's lung. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of carbonaceous particles within lung biopsies from a heavy smoker corresponded to the spectra of tobacco condensate and not to the investigated biopsies of graphite peneumoconiosis. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The analyses were performed in order to find out whether mass-spectrometric criteria exist for the differentiation of carbonaceous lung-tissue deposits. Mass spectrometry may be a valuable tool in determining the composition of carbon compounds deposited in human lung tissue. So far, qualitative assessment of the composition of deposits in lung tissue is only possible after the patient is deceased (autopsy).     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥中镉

通过试验研究,建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中的镉。该方法的检出限为0.01mg/kg(按称取0.5g试样消解定容至50mL计算),用于不同地域堆肥样品中镉的测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)在5.78%～11.9%之间,加标回收率介于88.0%～106.0%之间,可作为一种较理想的检验堆肥产品质量的方法。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境空气中的锡

研究了硝酸-双氧水体系消解、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法，测定环境空气中的锡。采用抗坏血酸和磷酸二氢铵作混合基体改进剂，热解涂层石墨管，塞曼扣背景。方法的检测限为3．56μg／L，实际样品回收率为90．6％～102％。     

双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量铜、铅和镉

用双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量Ｃｕ、Ｐｈ、Ｃｄ．试验选定了最佳测定条件．结果表明，在弱碱性介质（ｐＨ８－１０）中，能同时定量萃取Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ．方法的相对标准偏差＜３％，加标回收率９２％－１０２％，检出限（μｇ／Ｌ）分别为Ｃｕ０．０６，Ｐｂ０．１４，Ｃｄ０．００２．本法操作简便、快速，已应用于海水中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ的分析，取得了令人满意的结果．     

锆涂覆石墨管-无火焰原子吸收测定环境水样中微量银

用锆盐对石墨炉进行涂覆处理,同时又将其作为基体改进剂,有效提高了测定环境水样中银的灵敏度和分析精度,方法快速简便,检出限为2 8×10-12g,相对标准偏差小于6 2%。     

Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2/膨胀石墨复合光催化剂的制备及甲基橙的降解

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、膨胀石墨(EG)为载体,通过溶胶凝胶-浸渍法制备了Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2/EG复合光催化剂。采用SEM,EDS,XRD,FTIR,UV-vis等技术对其进行表征,研究了该催化剂在紫外光及可见光下对甲基橙的降解性能。表征结果显示:Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)被成功负载到TiO_2上且保持Dawson结构;经Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)表面修饰后的复合光催化剂可见光吸收性能增强;EG提供的丰富孔道有利于有机污染物吸附去除。实验结果表明:在甲基橙质量浓度为20 mg/L、催化剂加入量为1.0 g/L、反应温度为25℃的条件下,n(Ag)∶n(Ti)=1∶16时的复合光催化剂(ATE-2)的紫外光、可见光催化活性最佳;紫外光下反应70 min时甲基橙去除率为96.5%,可见光下反应40 h时甲基橙去除率为83.5%;ATE-2使用5次后,反应70 min时,其甲基橙去除率仍为92.5%。     

Fe~(3+)/TiO_2负载膨胀珍珠岩降解水和土壤中苯酚的研究

以膨胀珍珠岩(EP)作为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法对其进行Ti O_2、Fe3+-Ti O_2溶胶负载,制备出Ti O_2、Fe3+-Ti O_2表面修饰的膨胀珍珠岩材料(TEP、FTEP),通过SEM、TEM、XRD和FI-IR对其进行表征,实验室条件下模拟研究了EP、TEP、FTEP对水和土壤中苯酚的吸附降解效果。结果表明,450℃光催化材料为锐钛矿型,Fe3+掺杂有效提高了光催化性。本实验条件中,当达到最佳投加量时,水和土壤中的EP、FTEP、TEP对苯酚的降解率分别为23.40%、100%、100%和17.81%、66.75%、69.01%;在最适光照时间下,水和土壤中的EP、FTEP、TEP对苯酚的降解率依次为22.14%、100%、100%和17.64%、66.15%、67.51%。在实验浓度范围内,该光催化反应符合一级反应动力学方程。     

采用锥形量热仪(CONE)研究和评价新型可膨胀石墨防火涂料

利用锥形量热仪(CONE)实验获得的热失重速率(MLR)、热释放速率(HRR)、有效燃烧热(EHC)、比消光面积(SEA)、CO2、CO和点燃时间(TTI)等参数对可膨胀石墨防火涂料与传统的膨胀型防火涂料的阻燃性能、烟毒释放、阻燃机理进行了对比研究。结果表明,与传统的膨胀型防火涂料相比,可膨胀石墨防火涂料由于在热降解过程中成炭量较高,炭层具有更好的热稳定性,因而其阻燃和隔热性能更为优良,具有更长的耐燃时间,且烟毒释放少,安全性能更高。     

厌氧-好氧法处理聚氯乙烯离心母液废水

采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器与内循环式好氧生物膜反应器串联工艺对悬浮聚合法聚氯乙烯离心母液废水进行连续处理实验。在温度为35℃、厌氧反应器水力停留时间为8h、好氧反应器水力停留时间为6h条件下,TOC总去除率达95％以上,厌氧段为50％左右。结果表明：厌氧段还可提高其出水的可生化性;温度对厌氧及整个系统的处理效果影响较大;运行过程中须向离心母液废水中添加氮、磷等营养物质。