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101.
对甲烷-空气预混气体在球形容器和球形管道连通容器内的泄爆过程进行实验研究,根据实验结果得出在较小的泄压面积时,与密闭容器爆炸实验比较,不能降低容器内的最大压力,反而会增大容器内的最大压力。通过实验结果分析,泄爆口安装在远离点火源的位置,当发生预混气体爆炸时能较好地降低容器内的最大压力,起到保护容器的作用。 相似文献
102.
The effect of olive mill wastewater on seed germination after various pretreatment techniques 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) management has been a major issue of environmental concern for olive oil producing countries. OMW can be a serious nuisance, when disposed of untreated, due to its significantly high organic load, its phytotoxic properties and its relatively low biodegradability. Field and plant irrigation with raw or pretreated OMW is an easy and relatively inexpensive method to treat and dispose of OMW. Typical pretreatment techniques could be comprised of phase separation through a settling basin, dilution with water, aeration to promote biological degradation and pH neutralization. A full factorial experimental design approach was used here to study the main effects and interactions of the above four pretreatment techniques on the germination of tomato and chicory seeds. Results of the study showed that the most statistically significant technique affecting OMW phytotoxicity is water dilution. The next most significant technique was aeration. In particular, phytotoxicity decreased with increased OMW dilution with water, when OMW was aerated and without pH adjustment. pH neutralization resulted in increased phytotoxicity. Settling did not significantly decrease the phytotoxicity of settled OMW and is therefore not considered necessary in an OMW management system in which plant irrigation is the goal. The interaction of aeration and pH was, marginally, the most significant two-way interaction for tomato seeds, while no interactions were significant when chicory seeds were used. 相似文献
103.
创新教育在安全工程专业实验课教学中的探讨与实施 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
在阐述创新教育基本概念的基础上,论述安全工程专业的实验课教学实施创新教育的必要性及可行性。结合《防火与防爆》课程中所开设的实验特点及教学实践,笔者认为,必须从激发学生创新意识、培养学生创新思维、提高学生创新能力、改革教学模式以及改革考核模式等各方面着手对实验教学进行改革和创新;同时介绍了一些具体作法及其成效。 相似文献
104.
105.
D. C. Williams Charles P. Cartee 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(4):711-716
The way the Water Resources Council proposes to measure the beneficial effects of national economic development and recreation is questioned and alternatives suggested. In measuring the former, the assumptions specified by the Council are questioned because they do not hold true in the market place. In addition, the Council's method of simulating a price per recreation day implies that an arbitrary price be selected from a range and multiplied times the number of days at no charge for use of the facilities. It is contended that these procedures would over state the economic benefits which in the real market would be measured by the selected price times the quantity demanded at that price. 相似文献
106.
P. Louka G. Vachon J.-F. Sini P. G. Mestayer J.-M. Rosant 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):351-364
The thermal effects on the airflow within a street canyon, which are produced by the variation of direct solar heating of the street sides and ground, are examined in this article. The investigation is based on the experimental results of the Nantes'99 campaign and numerical simulations performed with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code CHENSI using the standard k- model. The Nantes'99 experimental campaign was performed in a North-to-South oriented central street canyon of Nantes, France. It was observed that a thin thermal layer develops locally within a few centimetres from the heated wall. It is anticipated that, the convective flow close to the windward wall, which was visualised during the experiment, carries air masses from the street level upwards, where normally cleaner air is transported. Consequently, thermal effects may be important for the air quality in the street.Based on the temperature and wind flow measurements, the flow and temperature fields were simulated first in two dimensions with the CFD code CHENSI. It was found that CHENSI overestimates the thermal effects on the canyon airflow showing the main re-circulation simulated in the isothermal case to change into two counter-rotating vortices after the inclusion of the heating of the windward wall. A reason for this overestimation is possibly the temperature wall function implemented for such thin thermal boundary layers in conjunction with the limitations in grid resolution. 相似文献
107.
An experimental speciation scheme consisting of ultra-filtration(1 kD), cation and anion exchange has been developed. Parallel calculations of the ion balances are performed using the computerroutine MINTEQA2. The experimental and computed ion balances suffer from non-equilibrium conditions, incalculability of metal-binding colloids or sub-colloids, inaccurate Eh measurements and analytical errors. In most samples colloidal or sub-colloidal structures of Fe oxy-hydroxides and/or gypsum influence the behavior of many trace elements. The comparison of theory and experiment has to be restricted to acid waters (pH < 5) where colloids (1–450 nm) and non-filterable colloids or sub-colloids (<1 nm) play a minor role. Yet, only a few transition metals such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, or Cd remain more or less free of colloidal influence in low pH waters. The effect of DOC on Al may be estimated by model substances like citrate. 相似文献
108.
许多白腐真菌对染料具有广谱的脱色和降解能力 ,其脱色及降解作用可能主要是由于其在次生代谢阶段产生的木质素过氧化酶LiPs和锰过氧化酶MnPs所致。培养条件对白腐真菌脱色及降解活性有较大的影响 ,在培养基中加入藜芦醇和二价锰等能够显著提高木质素过氧化酶的产生 ;富氮培养基会抑制LiPs的生成 ;硫脲、叠氮化物、氰化物等均能明显地抑制白腐真菌的脱色及降解活性 ;缓冲液的选择对维持稳定的 pH值和菌丝的形态有一定作用 ,从而影响其脱色效果 ;富氧环境是一切白腐真菌对染料进行脱色和降解的必要条件 ;适度的搅拌混合有利于反应时的物质之间传递 ;一般地 ,在培养时间达到 3天以后白腐真菌才能达到较高的脱色与降解活性。染料分子大小和结构及其基团的位置对脱色及降解效果有明显影响。使用特殊填料极大地提高处理系统中的生物量以克服真菌生长速度相对较慢、提高处理能力是该技术今后的研究重点。 相似文献
109.
110.
有机肥施入土壤后,是否会对土壤重金属的活性及植物吸收造成影响是人们关心的问题.本研究应用稳定同位素202Hg稀释技术,通过培养实验和改进的Tessier连续提取法,探索不同来源有机肥(秸秆、杨树叶、油枯、酒糟、猪粪、鸡粪)施用对外源汞在天津潮土中形态分布及有效性的影响.结果表明,在连续提取法中结合同位素202Hg稀释技术,通过同位素比值RHg(202Hg/200Hg)的变化对Hg进行形态分析,相比传统的对Hg形态直接进行含量测定,可以更精确直观地反映出Hg形态分布的变化.在潮土中加入外源202Hg和有机肥后,同位素比值RHg最为显著的变化集中在交换态(含水溶态)、胡敏酸结合态、富里酸结合态及有机质结合态,且不同来源有机肥对Hg形态的影响也主要集中在这部分形态,对碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态的影响较小.与未加入有机肥的对照处理相比,猪粪及鸡粪的施用使外源示踪202Hg显著向活性较强的交换态(含水溶态)、富里酸结合态转移,而在胡敏酸结合态中比例降低,下降幅度约为55%(猪粪)和58%(鸡粪).油枯及酒糟的施用,使外源示踪202Hg显著向活性较低的胡敏酸结合态转移,其同位素比值RHg分别增长了约90%(酒糟)和85%(油枯),而在活性较高的交换态(含水溶态)和富里酸结合态中分布比例降低.秸秆和杨树叶对于污染土壤Hg形态分布的影响并不显著.研究结果表明,不同来源的有机肥对Hg污染潮土中Hg的形态分布有显著影响,因此,在Hg污染农田土壤上施用有机肥料需要格外谨慎. 相似文献