关于矿产资源开发管理中几个问题的研究

通过理论分析、实例计算等方式，研究探讨了有偿使用与资源保护关系、核定回采率与实际回采率测算、合理开发利用评价与强制性回采率标准确定等问题，提出了若干旨在促进矿产资源合理开发利用与保护的建议或途径。研究表明，有偿使用能提高对资源浪费的抑制能力，但并不能完全保证其得到合理开发利用，资源管理应采用有偿使用与开发监督检查相结合的模式；核定回采率标准不应迁就某些采矿方法，应主要考虑资源条件，可通过建立统计关系模型来确定；实际回采率可采用地理信息系统等技术实现快速、实时、准确测算；有必要且可以通过强制性回采率标准对某些回采率低的采矿方法及采矿企业进行评价与限制。     

中国的海洋海涂资源

我国的海涂面积巨大,随着中国耕地资源的不断减少及人口的迅速增加,海涂资源作为后备土地资源的重要性越来越突出。在分析中国海涂资源的分布、成因、类型后,指出了泥沙供应量、潮差是影响我国海涂发育的两大重要因素,探讨了海涂开发的现状及开发利用中存在的问题,进而根据海涂资源分布的自然特点、开发利用现状、经济技术条件、开发利用前景等因素对我国的海涂进行了利用区划。     

甘肃金昌市矿产资源综合开发研究

金昌是我国著名的“镍都”。本文从分析金昌矿产资源综合开发的内外部环境入手,探讨了矿产资源空间组合与分布的富、大、贵、深、碎特点,矿产资源综合开发现状及存在问题,提出了矿产资源综合开发利用对策。     

International Trade Status and Crisis for Snake Species in China

Abstract:  In recent years, the purchase of snakes for leather, food, and traditional medicine has increased in China, which has greatly reduced certain snake populations. Trade records show that since the 1990s, with respect to some species of snakes, China is changing from a net export country to a net import country. We analyzed data on international trade in snake species, concentrating, in particular, on trade dynamics and species composition. The overall number of snakes exported appears to have decreased in the last 10 years. However, the number of snakes imported during this period has increased steadily. Many species of snakes that are traded in significant numbers are endangered or threatened species. To conserve snakes in China, we recommended that the Chinese government and the international conservation community take the following actions: enhance legislation and list several species in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) appendices; register all snake farms in China; carry out population and market surveys; monitor the dynamics of trade; encourage biological research; encourage change in food habits; and enhance cooperation between Hong Kong and mainland China.     

Enhancing Sustainability of the International Trade in Seahorses with a Single Minimum Size Limit

Abstract:  Management tools are needed to help regulate the international trade in seahorses (  Hippocampus spp.) under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora. Given the limited understanding of seahorse population dynamics and fishing mortality, a single minimum size limit for all seahorse species appears to be a useful initial step toward adaptive management, both biologically and socially. We collected data on maximum height and size at first maturity for 32 seahorse species and cross-validated the data with results from an analysis across marine teleosts. A minimum height restriction of 10 cm would permit, based on calculated data, reproduction in 15 species before they recruited to the fishery. Of the remaining 17 species, 16 were essentially not in international trade, were safeguarded under domestic legislation, or were partly protected by this size limit. Only one species, H. kelloggi , was not well served by the 10-cm minimum size limit. The CITES technical committee on animals has now decided to propose this single size limit to all 167 signatory nations as one option toward sustainable trade. Complementary management measures for seahorses are also required, particularly for populations primarily exploited in bycatch.     

Pillar building in the fiddler crab Uca beebei: evidence for a condition-dependent ornament

In the fiddler crab (Uca beebei) males build a small mud pillar next to their burrow which increases their attractiveness to females. Three hypotheses were tested to explain inter-male variation in pillar-building. (1) The benefits of pillar-building are density dependent. The experimental addition of vertical structures did not support this hypothesis as there was no change in the level of pillar-building. (2) There are two classes of males (pillar-builders and non-pillar-builders). This could either be due to an alternative mating strategy, or because pillar building is age or size-dependent. There was also no support for this hypothesis. (3) Pillar-building is an honest signal of male quality dependent on body condition. A food supplementation experiment was performed. Addition of food affected several aspects of male behaviour and resulted in a two fold increase in the number of pillars built between control and food treatments (P < 0.001). However, the percentage of males building pillars did not increase significantly. Pillar building in this species has been attributed to sensory exploitation. Our results indicate that a trait which may well have evolved through sensory exploitation also appears to be condition-dependent. We emphasise that showing that an ornament or behaviour is condition-dependent does not necessarily mean that it evolved through good gene processes. However, in terms of its current selective value, pillar building may be maintained through female choice because it acts as a signal of male condition.     

攀西地区水资源及可持续利用探讨

在分析攀西地区水资源特点的基础上,从资源开发结构调整、可持续发展和区域经济发展的角度阐述了该区水资源开发的迫切性。根据攀西地区水资源开发利用存在的问题,提出了该区水资源可持续利用的对策:统筹兼顾,综合利用;把建设全国能源基地与实现地方电气化相结合,因地制宜开发水能资源;以安宁河流域为重点,加快骨干水利工程建设;抓住机遇,多渠道、多途径开发水资源。     

河南焦作云台山世界地质公园资源特色及综合评价

河南焦作云台山世界地质公园。以山体雄伟、长崖险峻、峡谷幽深、水体秀美为特色；其地质景观资源具有种类多样性、独特性、较高的科学价值和美学观赏性等特点。公园主要地质遗迹景观质量高。资源优势突出。区位优势明显．具有良好的开发价值和市场前景。云台山世界地质公园的建立．对合理利用自然地质资源。促进旅游和地方经济、文化和自然环境的可持续发展将发挥重要作用。     

油田高压注汽盐析及预防研究

本文分析研究了油田注汽系统盐析现象及其成因和危害,并根据盐析成因探索了预防注汽盐析方法以减少甚至消除其危害。通过研究确定,采用高压旋流饱和蒸发与低压闪蒸和多效蒸集成技术是预防注汽系统盐析并减少甚至消除盐析及其造成的危害较为有效的方法。     

四川红豆杉属植物及其保护与利用

本文报道了四川红豆杉属植物的形态特征、种类、分布、有效成分及其综合利用，并就合理的开发与保护进行了初步研讨。