Occurrence, distribution, and potential influencing factors of sewage sludge components derived from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants of Beijing, China

Millions of tons of waste activated sludge (WAS) produced from biological wastewater treatment processes cause severe adverse environmental consequences. A better understanding of WAS composition is thus very critical for sustainable sludge management. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of several fundamental sludge constituents were explored in WAS samples from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Beijing, China. Among all the components investigated, active heterotrophic biomass was dominant in the samples (up to 9478 mg/L), followed by endogenous residues (6736 mg/L), extracellular polymeric substances (2088 mg/L), and intracellular storage products (464 mg/L) among others. Moreover, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in composition profiles of sludge samples among the studied WWTPs. To identify the potential parameters affecting the variable fractions of sludge components, wastewater source as well as design and operational parameters of WWTPs were studied using statistical methods. The findings indicated that the component fraction of sewage sludge depends more on wastewater treatment alternatives than on wastewater characteristics among other parameters. A principal component analysis was conducted, which further indicated that there was a greater proportion of residual inert biomass in the sludge produced by the combined system of the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and a membrane bioreactor. Additionally, a much longer solids retention time was also found to influence the sludge composition and induce an increase in both endogenous inert residues and extracellular polymeric substances in the sludge.     

疏水性超高交联吸附树脂对氯代烃蒸气的固定床吸附特性研究

采用固定床吸附法研究了三氯乙烯（TCE）、 1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）和三氯甲烷（TCM）共3种氯代烃类蒸气在疏水性超高交联吸附树脂LC-1上的动态吸附行为.结果表明, TCE、 DCE和TCM蒸气的初始浓度、 气体流速和吸附温度均会影响动态吸附过程,随着初始浓度、 气体流速和吸附温度的增大,穿透时间变短,传质区长度增大,其中气体流速的影响最大;采用半经验数学模型Yoon-Nelson模型对吸附穿透实验数据进行拟合,拟合相关性系数R²≥0.994.     

堆肥处理对污泥腐殖物质组成和光谱学特征的影响

采用凝胶(Sephadex G-75)色谱、荧光光谱和红外光谱法研究了污泥堆肥的HA和FA在堆制前后的组成与结构特征变化．凝胶色谱分析表明,污泥经过63d堆腐后,HA中大分子组分含量明显提高;而FA则由不同分子量物质组成,其中小分子量物质占主要部分,在堆腐以后,FA中大分子物质含量下降30％,小分子量物质含量则相对增加．同时,荧光光谱、红外光谱的结果表明：随着污泥堆肥的进行,HA中有机物不饱和结构的多聚化或联合程度增大,芳香结构物质含量增加;但经过堆制的FA具有更多的结构简单的低分子量物质和更低的芳构化水平．     

Sorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） including its isomers on hydrargillite as a function of pH,humic substances and Na2SO4

Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） is a persistent organic pollutant（POP） and emergent contaminant that are widespread in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of PFOS and its isomers between hydrargillite and the water phase is important in order to study their redistribution and mobility in the environment. This study investigated the effects of pH, humic acid, fulvic acid and Na₂SO₄ on sorption of PFOS isomers to hydrargillite. A mixture...     

胞外聚合物结合磷效能的研究

以实验SBR反应器的活性污泥为研究对象,探讨了超声波-树脂法提取EPS的方法与程序;以5种不同来源的活性污泥为研究对象,考察了EPS结合磷的效能.结果表明,超声波-树脂法分离EPS和细菌细胞的较优程序为：采用21kHz、40W超声波作用60mL污泥2min（VSS约为8000mg·L-1）;然后,投加80g·g-1（以...     

腐植质与有机污染物作用研究进展

综述了腐殖质的结构特性、与有机污染物的结合性质以及腐殖质对有机污染物毒性和生物可利用率的影响。已有的研究表明:腐殖质与有机污染物的结合能力受到下列因素的影响———腐殖质的结构、腐殖质的分子量和浓度、有机物的结构、水环境条件以及光化学降解作用等;腐殖质的存在通常降低了有机污染物的毒性,但在少数情况下例外,其推测性的机理还有待于实验进一步验证;有机污染物的生物可利用率不仅与腐殖质的浓度和组成有关,还受水体PH值的影响。本文同时对腐殖质的结构和多样性的研究、腐殖质对极性有机污染物的迁移、毒性和生物可利用率的研究、腐殖质增强某些有机物毒性的机理的研究进行了展望。     

菌-藻共生好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性机理

在非曝气条件下接种好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)和绿藻藻种,经过18d的培养,成功构建了菌-藻共生好氧颗粒污泥系统(ABGS).研究表明,在非曝气条件下,与传统的AGS相比,ABGS具有更高的生物活性、除污染效能和机械强度,说明ABGS的稳定性更优.对ABGS的稳定性机理进行分析,发现在颗粒化过程中,胞外聚合物(EPS)特别是...     

传统活性污泥法与膜生物反应器污泥沉降性能的比较

针对污泥沉降性能,在运行条件相同的情况下对膜生物反应器(MBR)与传统活性污泥法(CAS)进行比较。结果表明：CAS工艺污泥沉降性能优于MBR工艺;CAS工艺出水水质受污泥沉降性能影响大;MBR工艺污泥沉降性能主要由反应器中累积的高浓度胞外聚合物(EPS)含量所影响,当EPS浓度大于100mg／g时,污泥沉降性能开始恶化;CAS工艺曝气池中EPS浓度没有累积;MBR工艺污泥颗粒平均粒径小于CAS工艺中污泥颗粒。     

美缝剂TVOC释放量与释放规律的测试与分析

提出了环境舱法测试美缝剂总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)释放量的方法,对市场常见的美缝剂产品的TVOC进行了测试,并研究了美缝剂的TVOC释放规律和主要污染物.同时对美缝剂的甲醛释放量进行了测试.通过对16种环氧树脂美缝剂产品的数据分析显示,美缝剂产品的甲醛释放量风险较低;75%的产品在第7天的TVOC释放量可达到500μg·m^-3以下.但个别产品在28 d时仍有明显的VOC释放,显示其具有长期缓慢释放的特点.美缝剂释放的主要污染物为苯甲醛与苯甲醇,个别产品检出有甲苯和邻苯二甲酸酯类物质.     

受四环素影响的活性污泥胞内外聚合物特征

利用离心加超声的方法对处理四环素抗生素废水的活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)和胞内聚合物(IPS)进行提取,将其分为-溶解型胞外聚合物(slime)、松散附着型胞外聚合物(LB)、紧密附着型胞外聚合物(TB)、胞内聚合物(IPS).用BCA法和蒽酮-硫酸法测定了各层EPS和IPS溶液中的蛋白质和多糖含量,同时用三维荧光光谱扫描(EEM)和同步荧光光谱扫描(SFS)对其中的溶解性有机物(DOM)进行定性和定量分析,结果表明在EPS中的蛋白质和多糖的含量高于IPS,且蛋白质含量均比多糖含量高,而在slime和IPS中的蛋白质和多糖的含量高于LB和TB;低激发波长类色氨酸和高激发波长类色氨酸是EPS和IPS溶液的主要成分,且溶液中的溶解性代谢产物和芳香蛋白类物质相对含量在slime、LB、TB和IPS逐渐增加,而难降解有机物-腐殖酸类物质的相对含量逐渐降低;进水四环素浓度与污泥各层EPS和IPS溶液中DOM也具有较好的相关性;三维荧光法检测溶液中的DOM与化学分析测试出的蛋白质含量具有较好的相关性.