亚硝化颗粒污泥中EPS提取方法与组成特性的比较研究

以异养型好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)、普通活性污泥(AS)和厌氧颗粒污泥(An GS)为参照,考察了5种方法对亚硝化颗粒污泥(GNS)中胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取效果,以选出最佳方法,并通过测定蛋白质(PN)/多糖(PS)含量、三维荧光(3D-EEMs)与傅里叶红外(FT-IR)图谱,比较分析了GNS中EPS的组成特性.结果表明,甲醛-Na OH法能在有效保护细胞结构的同时,获得较高的EPS提取效率,而耗时更短的甲醛-热碱法对GNS也同样适用.尽管亚硝化颗粒污泥的EPS总量低于其他污泥样品,但高比例的PS成分有利于自养型微生物的固着生长.从可溶性微生物代谢产物(λEx/λEm=250~310 nm/320~380 nm)和芳香类蛋白质(λEx/λEm=200~250 nm/280~380 nm)所对应的荧光峰强度及红外图谱可知,GNS具有比AS更高的微生物活性和更丰富的结构性蛋白,且EPS组成更为简单.     

Performance and role of N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing (QS) in aerobic granules

The present study investigated the relationship between N-acyl-homoserine lactone（AHL）-based quorum sensing（QS） and the physico-chemical properties of aerobic granules.Stable mature granules were observed in SBR2 and SBR3 with average diameters of 0.96,and1.49 mm,respectively. The sludge densities of aerobic granules in SBR2 and SBR3 were1.0246,and 1.0201 g/mL,respectively,which were higher than that of flocculent sludge in SBR1（1.0065 g/mL）. The results showed that the activity of AHL-based QS in SBR2 and SBR3 amounted to 2.4- and 2.1-fold induction,however,that in SBR1 with flocculent sludge was1.6-fold induction. In addition,the results also showed that the activity of AHL-based QS in the three reactors rose in the feast condition,and then dropped with the consumption of substrate. However,the activity of AHL-based QS in these three reactors recovered again in prolonged starvation. Furthermore,the results showed that the enhancement of AHL-based QS favored the extracellular polymeric substance production of microorganisms in activated sludge. Thus,it could be concluded that aerobic granules showed higher AHL-based QS than flocculent sludge,which resulted from the higher sludge density of aerobic granules than flocculent sludge. AHL-based QS was related to the metabolism energy in the feast condition; however,in prolonged starvation,microorganisms would emit more AHL-like molecules to protect themselves to resist starvation. Moreover,the enhancement of AHL-based QS favored the EPS component productivity of the microorganisms in activated sludge,which contributed to maintain the aerobic granular structure.     

晋江流域工业环境风险评价研究

为了预防由于工业企业危险物质泄漏引发的环境突发事故,保护流域水环境安全.本研究选用基于Seveso III指令模型的方法进行流域环境风险评价研究,并对模型进行适应性改进,选择工业企业分布较为密集的泉州晋江流域进行了示范研究.利用高程、企业分布、危险物质储存量等数据,得到企业内在风险;叠加区域易受损性后得到子区域的环境风险.结果表明,南安市是晋江流域环境风险最高的子区域,风险值高达108,安溪县和泉州市区风险水平居中,晋江市为低度危险子区域.在此基础上,根据评价结果提出了具有针对性的流域环境风险控制建议.     

间硝基酚在超高交联树脂上的吸附性能

研究了5种吸附树脂(NDA-88、NDA-99、NDA-150、AM-1和XAD-4)对间硝基酚的静态吸附行为.结果表明,3种超高交联树脂(NDA-88、NDA-99和NDA-150)对间硝基酚的吸附效果都比较好.并研究了NDA-88树脂对间硝基酚的饱和吸附和脱附行为.结果显示,NDA-88树脂对间硝基酚的饱和吸附量为3.5 mmol/g,该树脂吸附间硝基酚后容易洗脱,用乙醇:2 mol/LNaOH(体积比1:1)作脱附剂,温度328 K,脱附剂用量为3 BV(床体积)时,脱附率约96%.用NDA-88树脂处理含硝基酚废水,废水的处理量为40 BV时,COD平均去除率约91%,树脂吸附性能良好.     

Influences of influent carbon source on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and physicochemical properties of activated sludge

It is necessary to understand the bioflocculation, settling and dewatering characteristics in the activated sludge process in order to establish more efficient operational strategies. The influences of carbon source on the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and flocculation, settling and dewatering properties of the activated sludge were investigated. Laboratory-scale completely mixed activated sludge processes were used to grow the activated sludge with different carbon sources of starch, glucose and sodium acetate. The sludge fed with acetate had highest loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and that fed with starch lowest. The amount of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), protein content in LB-EPS, polysaccharide content and protein contents in TB-EPS, were independent of the influent carbon source. The polysaccharide content in LB-EPS of the activated sludge fed with sodium acetate was lower slightly than those of starch and glucose. The sludge also had a nearly consistent flocs size and the sludge volume index (SVI) value. ESS content of the sludge fed with sodium acetate was higher initially, although it was similar to those fed with glucose and starch finally. However, the specific resistance to filtration and normalized capillary suction time fluctuated first, but finally were stable at around 5.0 × 10⁸ m kg⁻¹ and 3.5 s L g⁻¹ SS, respectively. Only the protein content in LB-EPS weakly correlated with the flocs size and SVI of the activated sludge. But there was no correlation between any other EPS contents or components and the physicochemical properties of the activated sludge.     

厌氧氨氧化污泥恢复过程中的颗粒特性

目前运行容易失稳已成为制约厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)工艺应用的因素之一.在保证底物不抑制的条件下,通过对实验室前期运行失稳的连续流全混反应器(CSTR)中的厌氧氨氧化污泥进行活性恢复,研究了滞留的基质浓度对ANAMMOX污泥恢复过程中颗粒化及活性的影响.结果表明,经过126d运行,ANAMMOX污泥活性获得恢复且脱氮能力明显提升.控制高、低基质浓度水平的2个反应器均能实现污泥的颗粒化及氮素的高效去除,NRR最大分别达到16. 97 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和14. 43 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).随着反应器脱氮能力的提高(污泥颗粒粒径增大),R1、R2两个反应器内污泥的胞外聚合物EPS含量(以VSS计)均增大,分别由接种时的34. 45 mg·g~(-1)增大至77. 52 mg·g~(-1)和94. 18 mg·g~(-1),PN/PS由1. 89分别增大到6. 25和6. 84.在一定范围内,PN/PS比值增大有利于ANAMMOX污泥颗粒化,但PN/PS过大会导致颗粒污泥结构失稳上浮,加剧污泥流失现象.     

聚醚砜和聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜对臭氧的耐受性

通过静态浸泡实验考察了臭氧对聚醚砜(PES)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜透水能力、截留性能、力学性能等的影响,分析了与臭氧接触前后膜化学组成和性质的变化,结果表明,室温(20土 1)℃下与饱和臭氧水接触2h后,PES膜的透水率增大至原始膜的3倍以上,对腐殖酸(HA)的截留率降至0左右,结合膜表面组成和性质分析,臭氧在...     

羟基聚合氯化铝铁溶液的形态转化规律

采用改进的 Al-Fe-Ferron逐时络合比色法和酸滴定实验研究了典型羟基聚合铝铁(n_Al/n_Fe=9∶1,5∶5)溶液的形态转化 .结果表明 ,羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化主要由 n_Al/n_Fe值、碱化度和熟化等因素决定 ;羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化特征是优势形态之间的转变 ;当n_Al/n_Fe>5∶5,随碱化度的升高 ,[Al+Fe]_a和 [Al+Fe]_b 2类形态逐渐占优势 ;随n_Al/n_Fe值的减小 ,[Al+Fe]_a和 [Al+Fe]_c增加 ,而 [Al+Fe]_b 减少 .讨论了羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化规律 .     

好氧颗粒污泥处理制糖工业废水厌氧出水的除磷特性研究

制糖工业废水经厌氧生物处理后,COD大幅下降,但是出水中N、P含量仍然较高,严重破坏水体生态平衡.利用好氧颗粒污泥对制糖工业废水的厌氧出水进行脱氮除磷处理,讨论了其除磷过程.经复合底物(乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐)培养的好氧颗粒污泥直径1.7 mm,SVI为38.43 mL.g-1,TP去除率达90.9%,出水磷含量仅为1.3 mg.L-1,单位COD释磷率为0.571,厌氧条件下磷的释放速率达到5.73 mg.(g.h)-1,好氧颗粒污泥表现出较好的沉淀性能和较高的除磷活性.由于底物中丙酸盐、丁酸盐含量增加,使得聚磷菌在反硝化过程中NO3--N的利用率增加,即消耗单位质量的NO3--N可以吸收更多的磷.好氧颗粒污泥及其胞外聚合物中P元素的含量与其中Mg、Ca、Fe元素的含量表现出很高的相关性,胞外聚合物对P的吸附使得体系除磷能力进一步增强.通过对污泥反硝化除磷的研究发现,反硝化聚磷菌占总聚磷菌的61.9%,其吸磷量与消耗硝酸盐的比值[m(P)/m(NO3--N)]为1.14.     

重庆空气重点控制有毒物质筛选

借鉴国外经验 ,建立了适合重庆地区特点的空气重点控制有毒物质筛选体系 ,筛选原则、程序和方法 ,确定了有毒物质的评分标准和量化处理手段 ,取得了较好的效果。