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191.
污泥中蛋白质和多糖的分布对脱水性能的影响 总被引:13,自引:6,他引:7
为研究污泥中蛋白质和多糖的组成及空间分布对污泥可脱水性的影响,采用高温(55℃)及pH 10.0和pH 5.5控制条件,进行污泥水解酸化试验;通过离心和超声波法,对污泥中蛋白质和多糖在污泥粘液层、松散附着胞外聚合物层、紧密粘附胞外聚合物层及细胞相层的分布,并对污泥脱水性能(以毛细吸水时间表征)作了跟踪监测.结果表明,污泥中蛋白质和多糖主要分布在细胞相层.在酸性条件下(pH 5.5),污泥高温水解酸化(第0~15 d)使其毛细吸水时间比原污泥稍大,而最终(第20 d)稍低;在碱性条件下(pH 10.0)的污泥水解酸化,则使污泥毛细吸水时间远大于原污泥.统计分析结果表明,污泥脱水性能主要受粘液层的可溶性蛋白质和蛋白质/多糖影响,几乎不受污泥中的蛋白质、多糖和蛋白质/多糖及其它EPS层中的化学组分的影响. 相似文献
192.
Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins (PN) and
polysaccharides (PS) in the sludge, the PN/PS ratio, the particle sizes, and their relationship with sludge dewaterability (as determined
by capillary suction time, CST). The sludge flocs were stratified through centrifugation- and ultrasound-based method into four
fractions: (1) slime, (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), and (4) pellet.
The results showed that PN was mainly partitioned in the pellet (80.7%) and TB-EPS (9.6%) fractions, while PS distributed evenly in
the four fractions. During hydrolysis and acidification, PN was transferred from the pellet and TB-EPS fractions to the slime fraction,
but PS had no significant transfer trends. The mean particle sizes of the sludge flocs decreased with hydrolysis and acidification. The
pH had a more significant influence on the dewaterability of sludge flocs than temperature. Sludge dewaterability during hydrolysis
and acidification processes greatly deteriorated from 9.7 s at raw sludge to 340–450 s under alkaline conditions. However, it was just
slightly increased under acidic conditions. Further investigation suggested that CST was a ected by soluble PN, soluble PN/PS, and
particle sizes of sludge flocs, but was a ected slightly by total PN, PS, or PN/PS in the whole sludge flocs and other fractions (except
slime). 相似文献
193.
Effects of insoluble Zn, Cd, and EDTA on the growth, activities of antioxidant
enzymes and uptake of Zn and Cd in Vetiveria zizanioides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A root-bag experiment was conducted to study the effects of insoluble Zn, Cd and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the plant growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline, glutathione (GSH), water-soluble proteins and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Vetiveria zizanioides, and its uptake capacity of Zn and Cd.The results showed that plant growth of V.zizanioides was inhibited by Zn and Cd.The shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) decrease by 0.3%, 8.0%, 9.4% and 10.4%, 15.1%, 24.2% compared to the control without EDTA addition, respectively.After adding EDTA, shoot and root dry weight decreased over 10% and 15% compared to results in the absence of EDTA, respectively.The toxicity from insoluble Zn and Cd in soil on SDW and RDW of V.zizanioides was in order: Zn+Cd > Cd > Zn.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and contents of MDA and proline significantly increased, while the contents of GSH and water-soluble proteins markedly decreased with increasing Zn and Cd toxicity.With EDTA, shoot and root Zn concentrations increased in the Zn treatment by 7.3% and 37.4% compared to the plants grown in absence of EDTA.Shoot and root Cd concentrations in the combined Zn and Cd treatment with EDTA increased by 18.6% and 391.9% compared to the treatment without EDTA.However, Zn and Cd concentrations in shoot and roots decreased in the Cd treatment compared to the plants grown in absence of EDTA, with exception of root Cd concentration in the presence of EDTA). 相似文献
194.
The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Salicylic acid (SA) was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2+ (0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L) for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA (treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress) partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), repressing the activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) depending on the concentrations of Pb^2+ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity. 相似文献
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197.
To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the
influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular
polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic
pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated
the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic
pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent
anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of
unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while
that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission
matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability
during anarobic digestion. 相似文献
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200.
污泥中一株产耐高温蛋白酶菌株的分离、鉴定及酶学特性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
蛋白酶是水解蛋白质肽键的一类酶的总称,它可将蛋白质分解、转化为氨基酸,从而被动植物体直接吸收利用.基于此,以江苏省无锡市太湖新城污水处理厂的污泥为材料,通过观察水解圈大小和蛋白酶活性测定等方法,从中筛选出一株高产蛋白酶菌株TC16.同时,参照《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》和《常见细菌鉴定手册》,根据其形态学特征、生理生化特性,并结合16SrDNA序列的比对分析结果发现,该菌属于芽孢杆菌属菌株.对其酶学性质的研究发现,从该污泥中分离得到的菌株TC16分泌的胞外蛋白水解酶的活性最高可达621U·mL-1.研究表明,与其他芽孢杆菌属菌株相比,TC16菌株分泌的蛋白酶具有较高的酶活性,且具有较宽范围的pH和温度耐受性. 相似文献