Structural alterations in compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster in response to sodium fluoride treatment

Sodium fluoride, used as a pesticide in agriculture, is also an ingredient of toothpastes which help to fight dental problems. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster, a non-target organism, is used to explore morphological changes in the adult compound eye as a function of exposure to fluoride at 20, 40, 80, 100 and 150 mg L^?1, using scanning electron microscopy. The experimental concentrations were much lower than the ones used in the studies of the British Association of Community Dentistry. Distinct morphological alterations in the eye of the treated insects revealed ommatidial ridges and disoriented mechanosensory bristles which were most prominent in the 40 and 80 mg L^?1 treatment groups. Since humans and Drosophila share homology in many genes that are involved in developmental pathways, the present findings raise concern on the use of sodium fluoride as a pesticide.     

澳大利亚职业眼睛健康管理

在由于从事具有眼睛伤害风险工作而导致的职业眼睛健康问题之外,随着新兴技术的发展,工作场所电子设备的长时间使用也会导致电脑视觉综合症（CVS）等职业眼睛健康问题。本文主要介绍了澳大利亚职业眼睛健康管理的方法,包括职业眼睛健康风险、单位与职工的职责、预防措施等．以对我国职业眼睛健康风险进行有效管理提供帮助。     

施工场地内安全标志位置的有效性研究及其应用

为提高施工场地内安全标志的可见性,选择建筑施工场地内常见的门架式出入口作为研究对象,采取理论推导与实验验证相结合的方法,探讨在观察行为中门架式安全标志的有效布置位置.首先在理论层面,从观察者的角度出发,通过研究行走路径、视野以及安全标志可见域之间的关系,推导出门架式安全标志有效布置区域的理论表示范围;然后在实验验证层面...     

基于多元线性回归的煤矿驾驶员情绪预测模型*

为研究煤矿人车驾驶员情绪状态不良引发的煤矿驾驶事故问题,设计眼动实验并建立基于多元线性回归的驾驶员情绪状况预测模型对驾驶员情绪状况进行预测;通过眼动仪采集煤矿驾驶员良好情绪与不良情绪状态下的各项眼动指标,记录其主观情绪状态;使用多元线性回归方程对数据进行分析与建模,采用平均相对误差对预测模型进行评估。结果表明:每秒注视点个数、平均扫视速度、反应时间、危险源辨识个数在情绪变化前后存在显著差异,且与情绪状态呈较强相关;基于多元线性回归的驾驶员情绪状况预测模型预测精度较高,平均相对误差为8.16%。模型适用于煤矿人车驾驶员的情绪监测,可为煤矿驾驶员安全行驶提供保障。     

驾驶员注意力分配定量方法研究

驾驶员在不同的路况环境下存在不同的注意力分配模式,为弄清其分配模式特点,利用露天体育场内作为模拟驾驶环境,并利用眼动设备,记录被试者在直道驾驶任务、弯道驾驶任务、复杂路况驾驶任务等3种路况下的眼动数据,采用划分兴趣区域的方式,把视觉信息源划分为原车道兴趣区域FL(Former Lane)和其他兴趣区域OA(Other Areas)两个兴趣区域,对平均百米注视次数、平均百米注视时间、不同兴趣区域注视次数百分比3个眼动指标在两个兴趣区域内的分布情况进行分析和对比,得出不同路况环境下不同的注意力分配模式来揭示驾驶员驾驶过程中的注意力分配特点。研究结果对于驾驶员驾驶培训侧重点的改进、对于预防交通事故都具有重要意义。     

海底隧道入口段驾驶员眼动特征分析*

为研究海底隧道入口段驾驶员眼动特征,以海底隧道收费站至入口为研究对象,运用Facelab5.0眼动仪和录像机等设备,采集真实状态下驾驶员眼动特征、行车速度和行车位置数据,并依据道路线形、车辆行车特征和路段标志标线设置,将收费站至入口划分为提速驶离段、换道减速段、缓和段和过渡段（入口段）,分析各区段驾驶员眼动特征及车速变化规律,并建立相应数学模型。研究结果表明:驾驶员驾车通过换道减速段和过渡段时,分别受交织车流与黑洞效应影响,行车速度减小、眼睑闭合度下降、眨眼频率增大;驾驶员行经入口段,车速呈上升-下降-上升-下降的趋势,眼睑闭合度呈增大-减小-增大-减小的趋势,眨眼频率呈减小-增大-减小-增大的趋势,且受交织车流与黑洞效应的影响显著。     

2类礼貌属性消防安全标语的眼动行为规律研究*

为研究不同礼貌属性消防安全标语的眼动行为规律,采用眼动技术对个体在阅读标语过程中的眼动行为进行记录,并对实验数据进行统计分析。研究结果表明:在注视次数和总注视时间上,不礼貌属性标语大于礼貌属性标语,在首次注视时间上2者未存在显著差异;在阅读路径上,不礼貌属性标语的路径更长且回视现象更多;在关键词方面,结果导向关键词的注视时间和次数大于行为指导类关键词,其中恶性结果导向关键词最大。     

儿童对不同形状字体警示语标识的眼动特征

为研究儿童对不同形状字体警示语标识的视觉注意特征,将字体形状为单一变量的警示语标识图片作为视觉刺激材料,利用Eye-Link Ⅱ型眼动仪记录了30名小学生观看这些图片时的注视点个数和首次注视时间等试验数据,用SPSS分析了注视点个数和首次注视时间,基于视觉注意理论结合主观调查问卷结果表明:1)被试者对黑体字体注意程度最大;2)儿童对不同形状字体警示语标识的注意程度由大到小为黑体、隶书、宋体(楷体)、幼圆.     

The development of the fetal eye: In utero ultrasonographic measurements of the vitreous and lens

Our objective was to establish nomograms for fetal eye measurements from 12 weeks' gestation by using transvaginal and transabdominal high-resolution ultrasound techniques. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed on 450 normal singleton pregnancies between 12 and 37 weeks' gestation. Vitreous and lens circumferences were measured by transvaginal ultrasonography until 17 weeks, and by abdominal ultrasound between 18 and 37 weeks' gestation. Regression analyses were used to create nomograms, and several transformations were done to obtain linearity. Eye measurements of 12 fetuses at risk for ocular disturbances were plotted on the constructed nomograms. Linear relationships were fitted between vitreous (r²=0.79) and lens (r²=0.88) circumferences and gestational age. In addition, there was a significant correlation between these measurements and the biparietal diameter. Data of the fetuses at risk showed that disturbances in ocular growth were associated mainly with abnormal cerebral development. These normative data may be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis of suspected congenital syndromes that include, among their manifestations, ocular growth disturbances such as microphthalmos and anophthalmos.     

On the plausible association between environmental conditions and human eye damage

The increase in solar ultraviolet radiation can have various direct and indirect effects on human health, like the incidence of ocular damage. Data of eye damage in residents of three suburban regions in Greece and in two groups of monks/nuns and fishermen are examined here. The statistics performed on these data provides new information about the plausible association between increased levels of solar ultraviolet radiation, air-pollution at ground level, and the development of ocular defects.