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51.
Use of genetic,climatic, and microbiological data to inform reintroduction of a regionally extinct butterfly
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Vlad Dincă Zsolt Bálint Raluca Vodă Leonardo Dapporto Paul D. N. Hebert Roger Vila 《Conservation biology》2018,32(4):828-837
Species reintroductions are increasingly used as means of mitigating biodiversity loss. Besides habitat quality at the site targeted for reintroduction, the choice of source population can be critical for success. The butterfly Melanargia russiae (Esper´s marbled white) was extirpated from Hungary over 100 years ago, and a reintroduction program has recently been approved. We used museum specimens of this butterfly, mitochondrial DNA data (mtDNA), endosymbiont screening, and climatic‐similarity analyses to determine which extant populations should be used for its reintroduction. The species displayed 2 main mtDNA lineages across its range: 1 restricted to Iberia and southern France (Iberian lineage) and another found throughout the rest of its range (Eurasian lineage). These 2 lineages possessed highly divergent wsp alleles of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. The century‐old Hungarian specimens represented an endemic haplotype belonging to the Eurasian lineage, differing by one mutation from the Balkan and eastern European populations. The Hungarian populations of M. russiae occurred in areas with a colder and drier climate relative to most sites with extant known populations. Our results suggest the populations used for reintroduction to Hungary should belong to the Eurasian lineage, preferably from eastern Ukraine (genetically close and living in areas with the highest climatic similarity). Materials stored in museum collections can provide unique opportunities to document historical genetic diversity and help direct conservation. 相似文献
52.
The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) set an ambitious target to achieve a conservation assessment for all known plant species by 2020. We consolidated digitally available plant conservation assessments and reconciled their scientific names and assessment status to predefined standards to provide a quantitative measure of progress toward this target. The 241,919 plant conservation assessments generated represent 111,824 accepted land plant species (vascular plants and bryophytes, not algae). At least 73,081 and up to 90,321 species have been assessed at the global scale, representing 21–26% of known plant species. Of these plant species, at least 27,148 and up to 32,542 are threatened. Eighty plant families, including some of the largest, such as Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, and Rubiaceae, are underassessed and should be the focus of assessment effort if the GSPC target is to be met by 2020. Our data set is accessible online (ThreatSearch) and is a baseline that can be used to directly support other GSPC targets and plant conservation action. Although around one‐quarter of a million plant assessments have been compiled, the majority of plants are still unassessed. The challenge now is to build on this progress and redouble efforts to document conservation status of unassessed plants to better inform conservation decisions and conserve the most threatened species. 相似文献
53.
沤肥浸渍液对3种黄瓜病害的防治作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从1992 年开始连续8 年研究马、牛和猪厩肥沤制并浸泡提取物对黄瓜病害的防治作用.盆栽试验表明,沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病、黄瓜枯萎病、黄瓜白粉病具有良好的防治效果,对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果可达46 .5 %67 .3 % ,对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果可达72 .1 %92 .5 % ,对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果可达72 .3 %79 .7 % .对沤肥浸渍液的防病机理的研究表明,微生物代谢产物对病原菌孢子的抑制作用、沤肥中微生物对病原菌的拮抗作用和沤肥诱导的生理生化和组织形态方面的抗病性起着重要的作用 相似文献
54.
Qing Xia Deyang Kong Guoqiang Liu Qingguo Huang Aamr Alalewi Junhe Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):372-378
The removal of 17β-estradiol (E2) in laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling processes was systematically studied in this work. We focused on the influence of pH and natural organic matter (NOM) on the performance of the enzymatic treatment processes. It was found that the optimal pH for E2 removal was between 4 and 6. The removal of E2 was slightly inhibited in the presence of NOM. Enzymatic transformation of E2 was second-order in kinetics with first-order to both the concentrations of the enzyme and contaminant. Mass spectrum (MS) analysis suggested that coupling products were formed through radical-radical coupling mechanism. The results of this study demonstrated that laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling process could potentially serve as a treatment strategy to control steroid estrogens. 相似文献
55.
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the adsorption/desorption equilibrium of carbofuran between four divergently textured soils and distilled water and an aqueous solution of 0.01?mol?L?1 β-cyclodextrin using a batch equilibrium technique. The determined adsorption isotherms for silt loam soils were of L-shaped, for sandy loam soil S-shaped, in agreement with a Freundlich isotherm. In the presence of β-cyclodextrin, the adsorption of carbofuran to the four soils was lower than with distilled water. Positive hysteresis was observed in all soils with distilled water, negative hysteresis when using a solution of β-cyclodextrin as desorbent. The results indicate the potential use of β-cyclodextrin for remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils. 相似文献
56.
Shifen Xu Elisa D’Angelo Dhritiman Ghosh Jessika Feliciano Sapna K Deo Sylvia Daunert 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):287-298
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a mixture of 209 individual chlorinated compounds commonly known as PCB congeners. These compounds are hydrophobic and are persistent in the environment. Their use was banned in the US a few decades ago because of harmful health effects. Therefore, detection of PCBs in environmental samples is increasingly important. To that end, we have developed a two-step simple and sensitive method for the detection of total PCBs. Specifically, our method involves dechlorination of PCBs to biphenyl followed by detection of biphenyl using a whole cell sensing system as the detection system. The whole cell sensing system consists of cells of the strain Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 harboring plasmid pSD7000. Plasmid pSD7000 contains the gene of lacZ, a reporter protein under the control of the bph operon. The detection is achieved through the emission of light afforded by the expression of reporter protein triggered by the presence of biphenyl. Due to the fact that this operon is activated only by few PCB congeners, a chemical dechlorination method was employed to convert all PCBs to biphenyl, and thus all the PCBs present in a given sample are able to be detected. The results showed that PCB congeners were rapidly (30?min) and efficiently (>98.5%) dechlorinated to biphenyl using a Mg/K2PdCl6 catalyst, and the biphenyl could be subsequently quantified using the whole cell sensing system. This hybrid analytical method that combines classical dechlorination with novel biosensing methods may find applications in the on-site monitoring of PCBs contamination levels. 相似文献
57.
58.
污灌与镉胁迫对菠菜几种抗氧化酶活性的影响(Effects of Sewage Irrigation and Cadmium Stresses on the Activities of Several Antioxidant Enzymes of Spinach) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探讨污水灌溉与镉胁迫对菠菜抗氧化酶活性的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,分别用清水和生活污水配制不同浓度(0、1、5、10、50mg·L-1)的Cd2+溶液,对菠菜进行受试处理,每5d灌喷1次,共处理5次.分别采用邻苯二酚比色法、L-苯丙氨酸比色法、水杨酸比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法,对菠菜叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3glucanase)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行了测定.结果表明:1)清水处理系列:随着镉处理浓度的增大,与清水对照相比,PPO、PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,CAT活性略有升高,β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性略有降低,各暴露组与清水对照组相比,均呈现显著差异(p<0.05).2)污水处理系列:随着镉处理浓度的增大,与污水对照相比,PPO、PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,CAT和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性呈逐渐降低趋势;各暴露组与污水对照相比,均呈现显著差异(p<0.05).3)相同Cd2+浓度下,与清水处理相比,各浓度污水处理PAL和PPO活性均明显降低(p<0.05);而β-1,3葡聚糖酶明显升高(p<0.05).以上结果显示:单一镉污染和生活污水与镉复合污染对菠菜不同抗氧化系统酶具有不同影响,这可能与污水中各成分与镉的相互作用有关. 相似文献
59.
Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
60.
研究了以β-环糊精(β-CD)和环氧氯丙烷为原料,采用反相悬浮聚合法合成的β-CD微球对对苯二酚单甲基醚( HQMME)的静态吸附行为,分析了吸附热力学性质和动力学特征.实验结果表明:β-CD微球对HQMME的吸附过程同时符合Lagergren一级吸附动力学方程和McKay二级吸附动力学方程;β-CD微球对HQMME的吸附等温线可同时用Langmuir等温吸附方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程描述;在不同温度下,β-CD微球吸附HQMME的吸附焓变、吸附熵变、吸附吉布斯自由能变均为负值,说明吸附是一个自发、放热的过程. 相似文献