Reviewing University Community Gardens for Sustainability: taking stock,comparisons with urban community gardens and mapping research opportunities

Community gardens (CGs) in university settings are faced with challenges associated with a transient and inexperienced population of student gardeners, but they also have the potential to have a lasting impact on the food behaviours of many young people. This paper undertakes a systematic critical review of literature about University Community Gardens for Sustainability (UCGS) in order to suggest directions of future research in the emerging field research about CGs within and outside of universities. The literature shows that UCGS have similar benefits to those identified in urban CG literature; but with greater emphasis on both the educational and environmental sustainability benefits, suggesting an under-used potential of CGs in these areas. We argue that a better understanding of the particular challenges and benefits of UCGS could improve outcomes of CGs in all settings. Therefore we recommend that future should explore: (1) participant transience in CGs, thereby helping sustainability projects with large volunteer bases learn to cope with challenges this poses in order to maximise the garden’s impacts; (2) whether/how participating in CGs can contribute to changes in attitudes/behaviours with regards to sustainability and be used as a tool for Education for Sustainability in and outside of university settings and (3) failed cases of CGs to genuinely understand factors that contribute to success. By addressing these areas we can improve our understanding of how community gardening can contribute to our communities, universities and environment, and can begin to make these potential contributions a reality.     

农户土地利用决策对农业景观格局的影响研究——以陕西省米脂县孟岔村为例

探讨微观主体——农户土地利用行为与宏观农业景观格局之间的互动机理,对于了解农户行为的变迁,认识和理解农业景观格局的演变特征和过程,进而调控农户土地利用行为和优化农业景观格局,显然具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文利用构建的农户土地利用决策模型、个体对群体与群体对整体权重影响模型,利用实际收集的陕西省米脂县孟岔村2007年与2008年数据(地籍、地块面积与农户收入等数据),探讨占优势的土地利用决策与占优势的农业景观格局关系。得出如下结论:①占优势的土地利用决策并不一定形成该土地利用方式占优势的土地利用格局;②当年占优势的农户整体土地利用决策并不一定形成次年该土地利用方式占优势的土地利用格局。并提出今后需要进一步研究与探讨的问题:①完善农户土地利用决策模型,在模型中增加风险规避、土地轮作、特殊地类转化等因素;②进一步探索整合地块面积及其空间布局与土地利用决策的方法。     

典型炼化企业温室气体甲烷排放特征

温室气体排放是造成全球变暖和气候恶化的重要根源.甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的温室气体组分.石油加工过程是潜在的甲烷排放源.本文以我国广西某炼化企业为样本,通过现场采样和离线分析的方法,识别出炼化企业潜在的甲烷排放源,核算了不同排放源的甲烷排放量,分析了炼化企业的甲烷排放特征.研究表明,甲烷是炼化企业排放废气中的重要成分;烟气、污水收集和处理系统、储罐和油品装卸过程等均是重要的甲烷排放源项,其中烟气和储罐对甲烷排放总量贡献占比超过70%;不同源项甲烷排放特征各异,油品装载过程产生废气甲烷浓度最高;污水处理过程废气的甲烷浓度主要受常减压装置污水影响;该炼化企业每万吨原油对应的甲烷排放速率估算值为72.6 kg.     

西藏农业持续发展途径探讨

西藏是世界农业地理上一个十分独特的区域，西藏高原农业持续发展在世界农业持续发展中具有重要科学意义，本文分析了西藏农业生产条件和历史与现状，对不同农业生产类型进行了概括和总结，并从农业生产稳定持续发展的角度，对每一种农业生产类型进行初步评估，进而探讨其农业持续发展的途径。     

大丰市生态农业建设的基本经验

总结江苏省大丰市开展生态农业建设的基本经验：培植生态系统的新增长点、农业资源的合理配置和永续利用、人口数量和质量的优化，科技进步和积极引进实用技术。     

武川县大豆铺乡土地生产潜力的研究

本项研究在武川县大豆铺乡土地自然地理条件基础上，运用农业生态区法对大豆铺乡的光合潜力、光温潜力、降水潜力和土壤潜力进行估算与综合分析，以此为大豆铺乡自然资源科学开发与合理利用提供必要依据和指导方向。     

“The Lucky country”? A critical exploration of community gardens and city–community relations in Australian cities

Urban agriculture (UA) has the potential to expand beyond the grassroots level to meet the social, cultural, economic and food needs of urban dwellers. At its core, UA represents an alternative use of urban space that occurs with or without government support or approval. The experiences of community gardeners and their views of, and engagement in, community gardens as a form of UA, or local “alternative food networks”, is a focal point of this paper. Relying on Australian city case studies, this paper explores community gardens, using critical urban approaches concerning “rights to the city” and diverse economies. Findings from this study reveal how community gardeners understand and participate in diverse economies and extended local food networks. They also identify respondents’ views of local councils as barriers to the emergence of community gardens, and other forms of UA, as a local response to growing concerns over impacts of the global food chain on food security. In contrast to other Western cities, effective city–community relations for community garden growth have yet to emerge in Australian cities, as key policy areas for urban sustainability and social cohesion.     

贵州六盘水地区马铃薯种植区域地球化学特征

应用环境地质、农业地质理论,对贵州省六盘水地区马铃薯种植区带开展地球化学调查研究,通过对调查区域的岩石、原生土、耕作土和马铃薯的采样、检测和统计分析,结果表明:岩石和原生土、原生土和耕作土、耕作土和马铃薯三者之间的各种元素含量丰缺具有相关关系,由此提出石炭系分布的新营、把士寨、粮蕨坝等区域适合马铃薯规模化种植;水城玉舍、水城大房子、盘县洒基、盘县上纸厂玄武岩分布区适合马铃薯规模化种植;二叠系碎屑岩分布区煤冲等地适合马铃薯规模化种植;盘县平关彭家屯侏罗系紫红色泥岩分布区也适合马铃薯规模化种植。水城小田坝、水城海坪和甘塘等二叠系茅口灰岩分布区域不适合马铃薯规模种植。     

中德合作中国西部干旱地区磴口县有机农业发展项目初步研究报告

本文按照磴口县生态环境特点，分析了本地区发展有机农业的条件，测定了该县有机农业发展区域土壤的养分含量状况以及污染元素、微量元素含量和农药残留量，认为在内蒙古巴盟河套地区发展有机农业是可行的。通过初步的研究结论，项目实施有机农业栽培技术后，改善了土壤环境质量和农田生态环境状况，提供了农民的收入，项目区社会、经济效益良好，为在本地区发展有机农业，生产高品质和安全的有机食品奠定了基础。     

潜流构造湿地去除农田排水中磷的效果

对潜流构造湿地处理农业面源污水的除磷效果进行了中试研究.结果表明,潜流湿地除磷效果在名义水力停留时间(即空床水力停留时间)小于5d时,除磷效果随水力停留时间的增加而增加,通过间歇式和连续流试验均证明过长的水力停留时间会引起pH值的明显下降,导致磷的析出或溶解,降低除磷效率.芦苇(Phragmitascommunis)和茭草(zizania caduciflora)吸收磷量约占去除磷量的15.8%和9.5%.温度对除磷效果影响较为明显,冬季除磷效率较夏季下降30%.