低碳农业对农产品安全的影响研究

针对我国现代农业、农产品生产及安全的现状,深入分析高碳农业对农产品安全的危害,阐述低碳农业与农产品安全的关系,探讨低碳农业对农产品安全的保障机理,探索发展低碳农业、保障农产品安全实现的途径。通过对英国、美国以及国内有机农业实践的研究,指出保障农产品安全的关键因素是将农业的生态系统和经济系统结合起来,减少以化石燃料为基础的要素投入,提高农业系统生产力。该研究成果对加快转变农业发展模式,实现农业可持续发展,降低农产品的安全隐患具有一定的理论指导和实践参考价值。     

Agricultural Lakes in Finland: Current Water Quality and Trends

Agriculture is the largest source of nutrients into surface waters in Finland, and yet relatively little is known about the actual impact of the agricultural load on the state of lakes. We analysed the water quality data of 20 Finnish agricultural lakes and found that they had higher levels of nutrients, chlorophyll a and turbidity than did the other types of lakes (e.g. those receiving point-source load) in the national monitoring network (the Finnish Eurowaternet). Currently, six of the agricultural lakes can be classified as eutrophic and 14 as hypertrophic. Trend analysis (based on Kendall's tau-b) indicated that during 1976–2002 the water quality of the lakes either remained constant or showed signs of increasing eutrophication and elevated turbidity. Decreasing nutrient concentrations were found only in one intensively restored lake. In none of the lakes had the chlorophyll a concentration decreased. The results of the trend analysis are compatible with the recent finding that, despite vigorous efforts, the nutrient load from agriculture has not declined in Finland. Recovery of the most eutrophied agricultural lakes would call for a drastic reduction in the external nutrient load, possibly supplemented with in-lake restoration.     

Is there a Kuznets curve for cropland use? The evidence from international panel data

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis assumes the nonlinear relationship between production and its environmental effects, suggesting that the negative effect of production on the natural environment is reversed at higher levels of development. In contrast to the majority of the studies, this paper considers the possibility of non-linear effects of per capita output on agricultural land use (cropland), as one of the natural resource stocks, and additionally examines the influence of demographic and productivity variables on the agricultural land use. The study draws on panel data from 143 economies over the 1990–2019 period and employs a series of panel econometrics techniques (including panel unit root and cointegration tests, panel ordinary least squares, generalized method of moments, and panel quantile models). The results unequivocally indicate the inverted U-shaped relationship between the GDP per capita and cropland use, as per EKC hypothesis. The results are robust with respect to employing different techniques, the identified turning points correspond to low and low-middle-income levels, and the effects of agricultural productivity and population density on land use are respectively negative and positive.     

农业面源污染现状及其对策措施

目前,农业面源问题日益严重,对农业面源污染的现状、成因、危害进行了分析,并针对污染现状与面源污染的特点,提出了用各种技术手段和经济、法律手段来控制农业面源污染的对策,主要思路有：对农业面源污染这一复杂过程进行分析模拟．积极推广“末端”治理方法,削减农业面源污染,改善农业生态环境。     

基于大数据的“邻避”设施环境社会风险评估方法研究

着力防范化解环境社会风险是社会和谐稳定的重要前提。本文基于国内全网2019—2020年关于“垃圾焚烧”的网络舆情数据,通过情感词典、TF-IDF关键词提取和人工识别方法进行“邻避”冲突的原因分析,在此基础上构建本土化的“邻避”设施环境社会风险指标体系和评估方法,结合环境、人口和社会等多源大数据,基于自然断点法对风险等级进行分类,以全国生活垃圾焚烧发电设施的重点区域为案例开展环境社会风险的分析评估。结果表明,担忧破坏生态环境、反对选址位置、担忧排放物有毒是贯穿2019—2020年两年的主要反对原因,占据反对原因的50%以上。之后,本文对各项反对因素进行归纳汇总,构建了12项指标的风险评价指标体系,其中环境因素、人口因素和社会因素为一级指标,其权重分别达到0.33、0.49和0.18,人口因素是影响程度最大的因素;对案例风险评估结果表明全国范围和六大重点区域的大多数设施拟建设于重大风险或特大风险地区,需着重关注这些地区的生活垃圾焚烧发电项目规划布局和风险防控问题。     

浙江省生态环境现状及其保护对策

通过对浙江省生态环境建设现状及其存在问题的分析 ,提出了加强该省生态环境建设 ,改善生态环境状况的对策措施。     

The promising spread of sustainable agriculture in Asia

Despite great successes in increasing food production, Asia still faces enormous food security challenges. Most commentators agree that there will have to be increases in food production from existing agricultural land, but many are pessimistic about the future, judging likelihood of success on the basis of past performance of 'modern' agricultural development. Sustainable agriculture, though, offers entirely new opportunities, by emphasising the productive values of natural, social and human capital, all assets that Asian countries either have in abundance or that can be regenerated at relatively low financial cost.
This paper sets out an assets-based model of agricultural systems, together with a typology of eight approaches for sustainable agriculture improvements. In the 16 projects/initiatives spread across eight countries that are analysed, some 2.86 million households have substantially improved total food production on 4.93 million hectares, resulting in greatly improved household food security. Proportional yield increases are greatest in rainfed systems, but irrigated systems have seen small cereal yield increases combined with added production from additional productive system components (such as fish in rice, vegetables on dykes). The additional positive impacts on natural, social and human capital are also helping to build the assets base so as to sustain these improvements in the future.
This analysis indicates that sustainable agriculture can deliver large increases in food production in Asia. But spreading these to much larger numbers of farm households will not be easy. It will require fundamental policy reform.     

试论埋地式小型生活污水处理装置及其应用

本文较为详细地介绍了几种典型的国内外埋地式小型生活污水处理装置,分析了其技术原理和比较了各自的特点。对国内近年来开发出的新型地理式无电耗生活污水处理装置,讨论了其适宜的应用范围,并提出了其技术发展方向和革新建议。     

可持续农业指标体系研究

如何评判农业可持续发展水平,是可持续农业研究的一个重要方面。本文论述了可持续农业评判的指导思想和原则,提出了相应的评判指标体系,使国家和政府在建设和发展可持续农业进程中确定优先考虑的问题,同时提供给决策者和公众一个了解和认识可持续农业进程的有效信息。     

现代农业示范园区植物景观设计与配置意向--以衡阳市现代农业示范园核心区的园林绿化设计为例

衡阳是湖南省湘南地区最大的区域性城市，2003年衡阳市委市政府决定利用船山名人的旅游品牌效应和区位优势，在城郊衡阳县英陂镇境内建设集科研生产、农业示范、旅游观光于一体的现代农业示范园，实行资源和优势互补，为发展当地农村经济开辟新路子．衡阳市现代农业示范园的园林绿化建设应以景观生态学原理为指导，通过对示范园核心区的规划设计与构思、植物配置、管理措施与规划建设项目等方面的论述。以便为衡阳市委市政府发展观光旅游农业开发的决策和组织实施提供切实可行的理论依据．