基于距离-密度关系的典型垃圾处理设施布局指数研究

基于较高空间分辨率的人口分布(LandScan)和人口活动(Weibo)数据,结合全国垃圾处理设施信息,构建了距离-密度关系曲线,并据此提出了垃圾处理设施布局指数。通过距离-密度关系曲线可分析处理设施潜在环境影响暴露水平的分布情况,而布局指数则从空间覆盖的角度定量测定其影响水平的大小,形成了一种可开展跨地区、跨类型设施布局影响对比研究的手段。基于此方法,以北京、上海为例,对两市共计32座垃圾处理设施的影响水平进行分析和比较。     

外军装备环境适应性典型案例

介绍了外军在陆军装备、空军装备、海军装备、导弹和核武器等方面大量的环境适应性质量故障和事故的典型案例。这些案例表明,武器装备的环境适应性能力不但会影响装备战技性能的充分发挥．造成巨大的经济损失,而且有可能决定战争的进程和胜败。     

Removal of airborne microorganisms emitted from a wastewater treatment oxidation ditch by adsorption on activated carbon

Bioaerosol emissions from wastewater and wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. Most previous work has focused on the evaluation of their biological risks. In this study, however, the adsorption method was applied to reduce airborne microorganisms generated from a pilot scale wastewater treatment facility with oxidation ditch. Results showed adsorption on granule activated carbon (GAC) was an e cient method for the purification of airborne microorganisms. The GAC itself had a maximum adsorption capacity of 2217 CFU/g for airborne bacteria and 225 CFU/g for fungi with a flow rate of 1.50 m3/hr. Over 85% of airborne bacteria and fungi emitted from the oxidation ditch were adsorbed within 80 hr of continuous operation mode. Most of them had a particle size of 0.65–4.7 m. Those airborne microorganisms with small particle size were apt to be adsorbed. The SEM/EDAX, BET and Boehm’s titration methods were applied to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of the GAC. Relationships between GAC surface characteristics and its adsorption performance demonstrated that porous structure, large surface area, and hydrophobicity rendered GAC an e ective absorber of airborne microorganisms. Two regenerate methods, ultraviolet irradiation and high pressure vapor, were compared for the regeneration of used activated carbon. High pressure vapor was an e ective technique as it totally destroyed the microorganisms adhered to the activated carbon. Microscopic observation was also carried out to investigate original and used adsorbents.     

DBO模式在医疗废物集中处置设施中的应用探讨

我国医疗废物集中处置行业呈现多种投资来源和多种运营模式并存的格局,医疗废物集中处置设施建设和运营主要采用以BOT为主的特许经营模式,部分设施由于模式选择不当,导致产权边界不清、稳定运行困难等问题,一定程度限制了行业的可持续发展。近年来开始应用于我国污水处理设施的DBO模式具有责任主体一致、建设运营效率较高等特点,在环境污染治理领域的应用前景较为广阔。本文通过对DBO模式和BOT模式的所有权归属、责任主体、实施期限等方面进行对比,分析得出DBO模式较BOT模式在设施的运营阶段具有突出优势,应用于医疗废物集中处置设施可以更有效地保证运营效率、节约财政支出、强化政府监管。同时,预期在医疗废物集中处置项目中推行DBO模式可能存在的阻碍,包括政府积极性不高、招商面临一定难度、实施过程的不确定因素较多等,并有针对性提出了在中小城市开展试点、发放环境基础设施建设债券、邻近区域多个项目捆绑招商等建议,以促进DBO模式在医疗废物集中处置设施中的应用。     

泄漏检测与维修技术在乙烯裂解装置的应用研究

介绍了泄漏检测与维修(LDAR)技术在9套乙烯裂解装置中的应用情况,对泄漏检测数据进行了统计分析。根据不同密封类型、不同装置区域、不同检测数据区间的泄漏率、泄漏量,探讨了乙烯裂解装置挥发性有机物(VOCs)的泄漏规律,同时对泄漏原因进行了分析,根据泄漏点修复率和VOCs减排量对维修效果进行了评估。     

SBR法废水处理技术分析

本文介绍了ＳＢＲ法处理原理及特点,使用该工艺所需设备和监测手段,应用前景。证明了ＳＢＲ法适应性强,处理效果好,投资动行成本低,是一种经济、实用的污水处理工艺。     

An analytic network process approach for locating undesirable facilities: an example from Istanbul, Turkey

Locating an undesirable facility is a sophisticated problem, for the evaluation procedures involve several objectives and the solution to the problem calls for some compromises to be made between probable conflicting criteria. This paper addresses the problem of undesirable facility location selection using the analytic network process (ANP), a multi-criteria decision-making technique. The ANP technique enables us to consider both qualitative and quantitative criteria as well as the interdependencies and feedbacks. A number of criteria (benefits, opportunities, costs and risks) and their sub-criteria are considered for siting a new facility with which this study has dealt. The questions of what criteria would be considered and what the interdependencies between these criteria and their weights would be were discussed and determined via interviews with some competent authorities of the Istanbul Municipality and of two environmental organizations. Four representative locations were evaluated and the most convenient one was selected. This was followed by the sensitivity analyses of the results.     

天然气开采增压装置噪声的治理

用增压装置给天然气增压是四川各气田在挖潜增产过程中常采用的方法,如何有效治理增压装置的噪声是各气田共同面临的一个问题。本文介绍了川西北气矿在增压装置噪声治理过程中所采取的措施及治理效果,对增压装置噪声的治理有一定的参考价值。     

Numerical simulation of deflagration-to-detonation transition in large confined volumes

A methodology for the computationally efficient CFD simulation of hydrogen-air explosions (including transition to detonation) in large volumes is presented. The model is validated by means of the largest ever conducted indoor DDT experiments in the RUT facility. A combination of models is proposed with a particular focus on the influence of flame-instabilities, especially of thermal-diffusive nature, which are crucial for very lean mixtures. Excellent agreement is achieved in terms of flame acceleration. The quality of DDT predictions itself depends on the underlying mechanism. Whereas DDT by shock-focusing is successfully simulated on under-resolved meshes, DDT by local explosions in the vicinity of the turbulent flame brush remains a challenge. Adaptive mesh refinement therefore emerges as a key technique to resolve more of the essential phenomena at reasonable computational costs affordable by industry. Finally, a generic case demonstrates the influence of mixture inhomogeneity, which can promote flame acceleration and ultimately DDT.