Numerical simulation of deflagration-to-detonation transition in large confined volumes

A methodology for the computationally efficient CFD simulation of hydrogen-air explosions (including transition to detonation) in large volumes is presented. The model is validated by means of the largest ever conducted indoor DDT experiments in the RUT facility. A combination of models is proposed with a particular focus on the influence of flame-instabilities, especially of thermal-diffusive nature, which are crucial for very lean mixtures. Excellent agreement is achieved in terms of flame acceleration. The quality of DDT predictions itself depends on the underlying mechanism. Whereas DDT by shock-focusing is successfully simulated on under-resolved meshes, DDT by local explosions in the vicinity of the turbulent flame brush remains a challenge. Adaptive mesh refinement therefore emerges as a key technique to resolve more of the essential phenomena at reasonable computational costs affordable by industry. Finally, a generic case demonstrates the influence of mixture inhomogeneity, which can promote flame acceleration and ultimately DDT.     

北运河下游流域典型设施农田非点源污染负荷定量化研究

为定量研究北运河下游流域设施农业非点源污染负荷情况,选择北辰双街大棚葡萄示范园为研究对象,通过对降雨径流污染负荷模型(SCS模型,USLE模型,吸附态N、P污染负荷模型以及溶解态N、P污染负荷模型)和灌溉污染负荷模型(改进的输出系数法模型)进行研究与修正,对径流和灌溉过程进行模拟分析,估算大棚种植区的污染负荷.结果显示,研究区雨季吸附态N、P输出负荷分别为40.98和1.42 kg·a-1,溶解态N、P输出负荷分别为628.77和4.57 kg· a-1,灌溉期TN、TP、NH4+-N和NO3--N输出负荷分别为182.15、2.56、60.49和62.82kg·a-1.示例验证表明所建模型具有较好的模拟效果,可进一步推广应用.     

Removal of airborne microorganisms emitted from a wastewater treatment oxidation ditch by adsorption on activated carbon

Bioaerosol emissions from wastewater and wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. Most previous work has focused on the evaluation of their biological risks. In this study, however, the adsorption method was applied to reduce airborne microorganisms generated from a pilot scale wastewater treatment facility with oxidation ditch. Results showed adsorption on granule activated carbon (GAC) was an e cient method for the purification of airborne microorganisms. The GAC itself had a maximum adsorption capacity of 2217 CFU/g for airborne bacteria and 225 CFU/g for fungi with a flow rate of 1.50 m3/hr. Over 85% of airborne bacteria and fungi emitted from the oxidation ditch were adsorbed within 80 hr of continuous operation mode. Most of them had a particle size of 0.65–4.7 m. Those airborne microorganisms with small particle size were apt to be adsorbed. The SEM/EDAX, BET and Boehm’s titration methods were applied to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of the GAC. Relationships between GAC surface characteristics and its adsorption performance demonstrated that porous structure, large surface area, and hydrophobicity rendered GAC an e ective absorber of airborne microorganisms. Two regenerate methods, ultraviolet irradiation and high pressure vapor, were compared for the regeneration of used activated carbon. High pressure vapor was an e ective technique as it totally destroyed the microorganisms adhered to the activated carbon. Microscopic observation was also carried out to investigate original and used adsorbents.     

双碱法烟气脱硫在供热行业的应用及减排效果

“十二五”期间,新疆面临控制新污染、解决老污染的双重压力,SO2总量控制任务十分艰巨。本文通过对新疆供热行业的现状分析,从经济、运行效果、投资、管理等方面进行双碱法烟气脱硫在供热行业应用的分析,提出在新疆推行供热行业烟气脱硫的可行性措施,为新疆“十二五”期间SO2减排工作建言献策。     

沈阳北部城市污水处理厂设施运营对天津环保产业的几点启示

依据沈阳城市污水处理厂设施运营的经验,提出以城市污水处理厂建设为切入点,以排污制度为政策支柱,以重组环保产业集团为龙头,充分利用股票市场融资功能发展天津环保产业的模式。     

浅谈输电线路水土保持设施竣工验收存在的问题

竣工验收是开发建设项目总结经验、提高认识、促进发展的重要环节。本文通过收集资料和现场查勘,提出水土保持竣工验收的具体内容和方法,对输电线建设项目水土保持设施竣工验收工作中遇到的问题进行了探讨。结果表明,输电线建设项目实际施工过程中存在一定的设计变更问题,水土保持措施实施情况与可研方案报告书中提出的水土保持措施有一定的差异,主要体现在植物措施和施工临时措施方面。     

DBO模式在医疗废物集中处置设施中的应用探讨

我国医疗废物集中处置行业呈现多种投资来源和多种运营模式并存的格局,医疗废物集中处置设施建设和运营主要采用以BOT为主的特许经营模式,部分设施由于模式选择不当,导致产权边界不清、稳定运行困难等问题,一定程度限制了行业的可持续发展。近年来开始应用于我国污水处理设施的DBO模式具有责任主体一致、建设运营效率较高等特点,在环境污染治理领域的应用前景较为广阔。本文通过对DBO模式和BOT模式的所有权归属、责任主体、实施期限等方面进行对比,分析得出DBO模式较BOT模式在设施的运营阶段具有突出优势,应用于医疗废物集中处置设施可以更有效地保证运营效率、节约财政支出、强化政府监管。同时,预期在医疗废物集中处置项目中推行DBO模式可能存在的阻碍,包括政府积极性不高、招商面临一定难度、实施过程的不确定因素较多等,并有针对性提出了在中小城市开展试点、发放环境基础设施建设债券、邻近区域多个项目捆绑招商等建议,以促进DBO模式在医疗废物集中处置设施中的应用。     

废水处理设施运转情况调查分析

通过对我区废水处理设施运转情况的调查分析,得出废水处理设施运转效率低是由于设计水平低,施工质量差,设备管理不善及领导不重视等原因所致。     

脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫脱硝中试装置

简要介绍了建造于四川绵阳科学城热电厂的烟气处理量为 12 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 0 0Nm3 h的脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫脱硝中试装置。给出了装置的工艺流程和平面布置 ,对装置系统各单元作了技术性描述。试验表明 :当能耗低于 5Wh Nm3 ,SO2 和NOX 的脱除率分别达 85 %、5 0 %以上     

城乡工业及生活污水处理设施建设与布局的研究

认真落实科学发展观统筹城乡发展,是党中央国务院在新时期的重大战略决策,面对新形势新要求,区域城乡污染物控制究竟做些什么、怎么做,本课题带着这一系列的问题,从城乡工业及生活污水处理设施建设与布局入手,以江苏扬州市为范例,围绕生态市建设、沿江与沿河开发、乡镇水环境保护问题,对区域城乡工业及生活污水处理设施建设与布局进行全面认真的研究。目的是从生态市建设、污染物总量控制的角度,思考乡镇经济社会发展对水体环境的影响及其对策,重点关注乡镇工业园区或工业集中区、乡镇镇区污水处理设施建设和布局的问题,为实现城乡区域统筹发展提供一些驾驭的能力。