龙岩市PM10排放源污染元素富集因子分析

以福建省A层土壤元素背景值作为参考背景值,以Ti作为参考元素,应用富集因子分析方法对龙岩市内6种PM10主要排放源（道路尘、扬尘、钢铁厂尘、水泥厂尘、机动车尾气尘、燃煤尘）的污染元素进行了分析。分析结果表明,龙岩市各PM10排放源均存在着不同程度的污染元素富集污染现象,这些元素的富集污染程度易受人类活动的影响,并经过长时间的积累在城区内富集,使得城区内PM10的污染现象突出。研究结果为龙岩市大气环境治理提供了科学依据,有利于区域大气环境质量的改善。     

郑州市环境空气细颗粒物浓度、组成及评价

对郑州市中心城区及开发区4个采样点的采暖季和非采暖季环境空气PM2.5浓度及其中的水溶性阴离子和重金属元含量进行了研究,并利用富集因子分析法对重金属元素进行了污染评价。结果显示,PM2.5日均浓度在非采暖季为美国环境空气质量标准值的2倍以上,采暖季在3倍以上,污染已经相当严重。水溶性阴离子的含量大小依次为F-相似文献   

培养因素对好氧污泥颗粒化进程的影响

全面阐述好氧污泥颗粒化的影响因素,指出反应器构造和接种污泥是污泥颗粒化的两个基础性影响因素,污泥沉降时间、曝气量和有机负荷则是培养成败的关健性影响因素,而基质类型、有机负荷、饥饿期、含盐量、温度、pH值、多价阳离子或载体、循环时间、污泥龄、抑制物质只是一般性的影响因素。并对好氧颗粒污泥的研究方向进行了展望。     

石家庄市大气降尘重金属元素来源分析

在石家庄市采集了51件大气降尘样品,对其重金属来源进行了解析。主要针对样品所含有的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种重金属元素,进行相关性、富集因子及主成分分析。通过分析表明Pb与Cr、As、Hg、Ni相关性明显,Cr元素主要来源于土壤颗粒,As、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cu元素可能叠加工业污染,Hg、Cd污染严重,Pb元素主要受到燃煤和交通污染。重金属元素的空间分布表明市区含量低,二环外含量高,受交通和废气污染较重。     

安徽宿州地区石灰岩土壤地球化学特征

为分析宿州地区石灰岩土壤元素地球化学特征,采集了石灰岩土壤样品,进行主、微量元素测试,利用SPSS软件对测试结果进行相关性及主成分分析,并采用富集因子和地累积指数方法对重金属污染程度进行了评价。结果表明:宿州地区石灰岩土壤主要由Si和Ca构成,元素Ca和Th富集明显,Al亏损严重,其他元素基本与背景值相当;重金属元素Pb、Zn、Cr符合国家一级土壤标准,Cu和As在国家一级土壤和二级土壤之间,重金属污染程度为Cu>As>Cr>Zn>Pb>V;元素Ca与V、Zr主要受控于PC1,指示了陆源碎屑的混染;Pb、Sr和As主要受控于PC2,主要受石灰岩风化的影响;PC3包括Zn、Cu、Al,反映了人类农业活动的影响;结合区域背景推断Cu、Zn主要受人类农业活动(肥料)的影响,As可能和皮革、纺织品等人类活动有关。     

紫外诱变法提高好氧反硝化菌降解性能的研究

采用紫外诱变方法对从污水处理厂活性污泥中筛得的1株好氧反硝化菌(YS)进行处理,得到1株突变菌株(TB),考察了诱变前后2菌株的理化性能及反硝化能力的变化.结果表明,菌株TB的反硝化能力得到改善.在相同实验条件下,菌株TB对硝酸根的去除能力可从菌株YS的87%提高至93%,培养基中的亚硝酸根浓度从212.48 mg.L-1减少到37.62 mg.L-1,去除率从15%快速提高至85%,表明菌株TB对亚硝酸根的去除能力大幅提高,且传代前后菌株TB对硝酸根和亚硝酸根的去除率变化不大,遗传稳定性较好.对两菌株的反硝化性能影响因素的研究比较发现菌株YS的最适条件为:接种量1.5%左右,pH为6,C/N比为10,碳源为葡萄糖;而菌株TB的最适条件为:接种量1.5%左右,pH为9,C/N比为10,碳源为琥珀酸钠.     

Effects of long-term nutrient addition on meso-micro soil arthropod communities in a Stipa baicalensis grassland北大核心CSCD

To analyze the effect of nutrient addition on small- and medium-sized soil arthropod communities in a Stipa Baikal meadow grassland, a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment was designed in the Stipa Baikal meadow grassland at Ewenki Banner, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia, China in 2010. Changes in the structure and diversity of soil arthropod communities and their relationship with environmental factors were studied. Soil arthropod samples were collected during the forage greening (May), growth (August), and yellowing (end of September) periods in 2019. The results showed that: (1) compared to the control sample, N-added and NP-added samples had higher number of soil arthropods by 1.38 and 1.15 times, respectively, and an increase of 28.57% and 21.43% in the number of soil arthropod groups. The numbers of individual as well as groups of soil arthropods tended to increase with P addition; however, this response did not reach a significant level. (2) The water and heat conditions during the vegetation growth period in the test area were more suitable for the development of soil fauna communities. (3) The redundancy analysis (RDA) results further indicated that the community composition of soil fauna is mainly regulated by pH and plant evenness, and soil pH is particularly important in mediating changes in small- and medium-sized soil fauna communities. This study suggests that long-term nutrient addition has a positive impact on small- and medium-sized soil arthropod communities by changing plant evenness and soil pH, and the contribution of soil pH is greater than that of plant evenness. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Relationship between herbaceous community distribution and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the Baiyangdian River Basin北大核心CSCD

Riparian zone vegetation is an important part of the riparian ecosystem and plays an important role in the riparian zone functioning. Herbs, which are one of the main types of riparian vegetation, are extremely sensitive to environmental changes and human activities and have become a hot spot of riparian vegetation research. In this study, the herbaceous communities of four representative rivers (Xiaoyi, Baohe, Fuhe, and Baigouyin River) entering Baiyangdian Lake in China were researched. The herbaceous species in their riparian zones were systematically investigated using the sample plot method. The Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Pielou evenness (J), and Patrick richness (R) indices were estimated to examine the species composition and diversity of the herb communities, following which redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted. The relationship between species diversity, distribution patterns of herbaceous plant communities, and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the four rivers is discussed. (1) Eighty-three species of herbaceous plants belonging to 66 genera and 27 families in the riparian zone entering Baiyangdian Lake. Most herbaceous plants, including Poaceae, Compositae, and Chenopodiaceae, were weeds or associated plants. Riparian vegetation was greatly affected by human disturbance. (2) All the three estimated indices of the Xiaoyi, Baigouyin, and Fuhe rivers were better than those of the Baohe River. (3) The vegetation coverage and species diversity of riparian herbaceous communities were positively correlated with soil organic matter and water content but negatively correlated with pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Therefore, these communities are conducive to the restoration of vegetation and the stability of biodiversity in the riparian core area to reduce the disturbance of human activities and increase humidity. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

中原城市群PM2.5浓度驱动因子联动效应及非线性影响

城市群是中国PM_2.5污染与防治的核心区.为探究中原城市群PM_2.5浓度驱动因子的作用机制,基于多源遥感数据和统计数据,采用空间自相关、参数最优地理探测器以及系统动态面板回归模型等方法,量化了PM_2.5浓度的驱动因子及因子间的联动效应,进一步分析了社会经济因素对PM_2.5浓度的非线性影响并给出相应的治霾建议.结果表明：①2012~2018年,中原城市群PM_2.5浓度下降程度存在空间分异,北部较南部地区污染减弱更为显著.②PM_2.5浓度高值聚集有从中原城市群北部向东部转移的趋势,而低值聚集情况相对稳定.③高程对PM_2.5浓度的解释力最强,因子间联动效应对PM_2.5污染的解释力均表现为增强,其中高程与降水交互后解释力最强.④人均GDP、人口密度、夜间灯光、外商直接投资和第二产业占比均与PM_2.5浓度之间存在非线性关系.结合中原城市群现状,加大污染治理投入、调整城市结构形态、加强基础设施建设、调整人口分布与产业结构、保持较高的城市活跃水平、设定严格的环境法规和引入高质量外商投资等有助于治理PM_2.5污染.