Techno-economic characteristics of wastewater treatment plants retrofitted from the conventional activated sludge process to the membrane bioreactor process

• Retrofitting from CAS to MBR increased effluent quality and environmental benefits. • Retrofitting from CAS to MBR increased energy consumption but not operating cost. • Retrofitting from CAS to MBR increased the net profit and cost efficiency. • The advantage of MBR is related to the adopted effluent standard. • The techno-economy of MBR improves with stricter effluent standards. While a growing number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are being retrofitted from the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process to the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, the debate on the techno-economy of MBR vs. CAS has continued and calls for a thorough assessment based on techno-economic valuation. In this study, we analyzed the operating data of 20 large-scale WWTPs (capacity≥10000 m³/d) and compared their techno-economy before and after the retrofitting from CAS to MBR. Through cost-benefit analysis, we evaluated the net profit by subtracting the operating cost from the environmental benefit (estimated by the shadow price of pollutant removal and water reclamation). After the retrofitting, the removal rate of pollutants increased (e.g., from 89.0% to 93.3% on average for NH₃-N), the average energy consumption increased from 0.40 to 0.57 kWh/m³, but the operating cost did not increase significantly. The average marginal environmental benefit increased remarkably (from 0.47 to 0.66 CNY/g for NH₃-N removal), leading to an increase in the average net profit from 19.4 to 24.4 CNY/m³. We further scored the technical efficiencies via data envelopment analysis based on non-radial directional distance functions. After the retrofitting, the relative cost efficiency increased from 0.70 to 0.73 (the theoretical maximum is 1), while the relative energy efficiency did not change significantly. The techno-economy is closely related to the effluent standard adopted, particularly when truncating the extra benefit of pollutant removal beyond the standard in economic modeling. The modeling results suggested that MBR is more profitable than CAS given stricter effluent standards.     

MBR+CSTR联合工艺处理精对苯二甲酸生产废水

通过MBR＋CSTR两段好氧法对精对苯二甲酸生产废水进行处理,取得了令人满意的结果。经过MBR反应器,CODCr由5000mg／L降为500mg／L以下,并且很好地控制了系统pH的上升。在CSTR反应器中CODe。能降至35mg／L,达到国家污水综合排放一级标准（GB8978-1996）。     

一体式膜生物反应器污水处理工艺研究

在一体式膜生物反应器研制开发实验及反应器各参数运行协调理论分析的基础上,提出了一体式膜生物反应器工艺各参数间的设计原则、方法、步骤及设计实例,对该工艺的运行能耗作了评价.     

A novel approach to treat combined domestic wastewater and excess sludge in MBR

Domestic wastewater was treated by combined anaerobic biofilm-aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) process, and part biomass in MBR was withdrawn, to treat with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to anaerobic inlet. In aerobic MBR, MLSS and DO were controlled at 3000—3500 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L respectively. Comparing the experimental results of two stages, it was noticed that ozonation did not affect the removal efficiency for organics but had a significant influence on the removals of NHs-N and TN. During the ozonation period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero sludge yield was obtained.     

中水回用工程技术——膜生物反应器

抚顺市肉联厂的中水回用工程每日处理中水100m^3，采用MBR工艺。经过试运行后，CODCr去除率为51％，BOD5去除率为77％，悬浮物去除率为93％。实践证明，MBR工艺是一种简易、高效的中水回用技术。     

应用投加粉末活性炭的膜生物反应器处理生活污水的研究

应用向间歇曝气的膜生物反应器内投加粉末活性炭的新工艺，进行了处理模拟生活污水的研究，将此研究结果与未投加粉末活性炭时的研究结果相比较，表明该工艺不仅可以取得更优的出水水质，而且可以从根本上减少膜阻力，维持高膜通量。     

影响MBR脱氮效率的因素研究

采用重力出流式膜生物反应器,考察了采用2种脱氮运行方式对生活污水脱氮的效果,同时对影响脱氮效率的相关因素进行了分析．研究结果表明,C／N是影响A／O与同步硝化反硝化（SND）2种运行方式脱氮效率最关键的因素．当C／N比小于12时,A／O方式的脱氮效率高于SND;随着C／N的升高,A／O与SND脱氮效率的差距逐渐缩小．对于A／O运行方式,在低C／N条件下可以通过提高回流比与增加缺氧段的HRT来提高系统的总氮去除率．而对于SND运行方式,好氧反硝化的完成是建立在有足够有机物作碳源的基础上,此时,DO的控制就成为提高脱氮效率的关键因素．     

PAC-MBR处理垃圾渗滤液的硝化性能研究

研究了粉末活性炭(PAC)作为载体的膜生物反应器(MBR)处理吹脱后垃圾渗滤液的硝化性能.在HRT=3 d、NH 4-N=200～500 mg/L条件下,进水pH＞8.7时,PAC-MBR和没有添加PAC的普通MBR均只能将氨氮转化为NO-2;降低pH至7.6～8.2时,PAC-MBR中的亚硝酸盐氧化菌迅速恢复活性,将NO-2完全转化为硝酸盐,而普通MBR仍然停留在亚硝化阶段;当吹脱取消后,NO-2迅速消失,这可能与取消吹脱后,不再使用大量硫酸进行pH调节有关.研究发现,当SO2-4为3 g/L时,氨氮氧化速度出现了明显的下降,表明SO2-4对硝化菌具有抑制作用;同时,微生物代谢产物(SMP)分泌量越高,NO-2含量越低,但是SMP不是影响NO-2积累的主要原因.     

膜生物反应器中膜分离单元运行参数优化试验

用生活杂排水对膜生物反应器中膜分离单元的运行参数进行了优化试验研究，膜分离单元采用中空纤维超滤膜，试验表明，在适宜的反冲洗和化学清洗条件下，膜的透水率可及时、有效地恢复，使膜生物反应器能长期稳定地运行。     

兼氧-好氧-混凝工艺在明胶废水处理中的应用

介绍了兼氧 好氧 混凝工艺处理明胶废水的工程应用实例。工程运行结果表明 ,该工艺对CODCr的去除率可达98%以上 ,并且具有处理效果稳定、剩余污泥少等优点 ,可广泛应用于明胶废水处理中