Environmental justice: A louisiana case study

The paper begins with a brief analysis of the concepts of environmental justice and environmental racism and classism. The authors argue that pollution- and environment-related decision-making is prima facie wrong whenever it results in inequitable treatment of individuals on the basis of race or socio-economic status. The essay next surveys the history of the doctrine of free informed consent and argues that the consent of those affected is necessary for ensuring the fairness of decision-making for siting hazardous facilities. The paper also points out that equal opportunity to environmental protection and free informed consent are important rights. Finally, it presents a case study on the proposed uranium enrichment facility near Homer, Louisiana and argues that siting the plant would violate norms of distributive equity and free informed consent. It concludes that siting the facility is a case of environmental injustice and likely an example of environmental racism or classism.     

A Reply to My Critics

Critics of my book, Sustainability, have raised many objections which are addressed. In general, I emphasize that the book is an integrative work; it must be long and complex beause it attempts a comprehensive treatment of problems of communication, of evaluation, and of management action in environmental discourse. I explain that I depend upon the pragmatists and on work in the pragmatics of language because the current language of environmental policy discourse is inadequate to allow deliberative processes that can reach consensus and cooperative actions. I revise my account of risk analysis somewhat, and defend my broad approach to the concept of sustainability. Finally, I discuss applications of my book to the current situation in environmental policy discourse.     

水污染物总量分配方法研究进展

水污染总量分配是水污染总量控制的核心,分配的原则包括可持续性、公平性、经济性和可行性。为了解目前国内外水污物负荷总量分配研究的主要动向,在搜索整理相关文献的基础上,总结出国内外研究存在的特点:(1)基于经济(效益)最优化原则建立的最优化数学模型;(2)基于公平原则建立数学模型。并且在此基础上区分了其优缺点,认为今后负荷总量分配方法要更多地兼顾效益与公平。     

淮河流域省界水质标准的确定——以淮河流域为例

省界水质标准确定是流域环境管理的重要工作。本文运用冲突分析理论研究边界水质标准确定问题,提出了排污总量分配公平性的准则,详细阐述了边界水质标准确定的必要性、基本原则、技术步骤和计算方法。以沙颖河－淮河干流水系为例进行的实例研究得出了该水系的省界水质标准。本文的研究成果对于跨边界河流的水环境管理具有重要指导意义。     

山西环境保护模范城市评估问题及策略研究

环境问题一直都是制约山西省发展的"瓶颈",也是历届省委省政府最为关心的问题之一。创建环境保护模范城市,为解决环境问题提供了有效工具。本文在阐述环境保护模范城市评估重要性的基础上,分析了山西省环境保护模范城市评估中存在的问题。结合山西省实际,提出完善山西省环境保护模范城市评估的相关策略,主要包括加大对环境保护模范城市评估的宣传力度、完善指标体系,增强可操作性、增加评估主体,引入专家团队、充分利用评估结果,由"自查为主"向"自查与互评兼顾"转变。     

“Justice” and “fairness” are not the same thing

Organizational justice researchers tend to treat as synonyms the terms “justice” and “fairness”. We discuss different definitional arguments, concluding that these two concepts are distinct. Justice should be defined as adherence to rules of conduct, whereas fairness should be defined as individuals' moral evaluations of this conduct. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人类可持续发展指数的改进及国际比较

对人类发展指数进行绿色及公平修正是可持续发展的必然要求。基于28个国家1990-2014年的面板数据,采用生态足迹改进人类可持续发展指数,并对其分解探讨变迁原因,在此基础上进行公平校正构建综合可持续发展指数。结果表明：生物质盈余发达国家排名靠前,影响其可持续发展的主要因素是高碳排放,生物质赤字国家通过转移别国资产维持发展,不平衡导致美国的综合可持续性下降;发展中国家的收入与教育快速提升,但生态消耗及不公平度持续上升,抑制作用逐渐扩大,阿联酋排名末位,发展方式最不可持续;最不发达国家的发展主要来自健康、教育及低生态消耗的贡献。分项维度间高度相关,可持续发展需在社会、经济、生态、公平间进行更好的权衡。     

考虑区域灾情分级的应急物资公平调度优化模型

为解决不同受灾点应急物资公平调度的问题,受分区分级精准防控思想的启发,考虑同级间各灾点应急物资最小未满意度为基准设计公平性衡量指标,以最小化调度时间和最大化应急物资分配公平性为目标,构建一种新的考虑差异化灾情分级的应急物资公平调度优化模型,运用遗传算法求解模型,以新冠疫情重灾区湖北省作为案例仿真模拟.结果 表明:该模型...     

兼顾公平与效率的无人机应急中继通信选址优化问题

为提高应急救援中无人机应急中继通信资源配置的公平与效率,在考虑无人机中继通信覆盖范围限制、各受灾用户集群点分布情况、受灾群众公平性感知的基础上,构建以最大化系统吞吐量为效率目标、最小化受灾群众公平损失值为公平目标的无人机应急中继通信选址多目标0-1非线性整数规划模型,采用基于k-means的模拟退火算法对其进行求解,并以实际案例为背景构造算例,验证本文提出模型和算法的可行性与有效性,并进行多目标分析及参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明：本文提出的模型和算法能在较短时间得到无人机应急中继通信选址方案,保证所有受灾用户集群点获得通信中继;同时,确定最佳无人机设备数量,验证公平目标与效率目标存在悖反关系。     

Drivers and barriers to water transfer in a New Zealand irrigation scheme

Policy makers, economists and water researchers have advocated water transfer and trade as a key potential response to worldwide water scarcity and/or efficiency problems. This paper examines aspects of an operational irrigation scheme in New Zealand that enables transfer of water between shareholders, arguing that the set-up and processes involved with the scheme can provide a wider context for analysis and consideration of social and cultural issues involved with resource allocation. Analysis of the key drivers and barriers for water reveal that while there is potential for real benefits from transferring water for farmers and the community, an examination of some of the processes used, and barriers to transfer reveals important lessons for planning and regulatory perspectives, including the importance of looking at the issues from a procedural and distributive justice viewpoint.