腐植酸臭氧氧化和过氧化氢催化氧化处理特性比较

以TOC和UV254为指标,比较了不同条件下腐植酸的臭氧氧化和过氧化氢催化氧化效果,运用HPLC和热裂解-GC-MS分析考察了氧化前后有机物分子量分布和官能团构造的变化情况．研究结果表明：过氧化氢和臭氧单独作为氧化剂对水中TOC基本上没有去除作用,但均能导致水中UV254浓度的降低;在几种催化剂的作用下,过氧化氢对TOC和UV254的去除效果明显提高,其中以O3作为催化剂的效果最好,Fe^2＋次之,而Mn^2＋和Cu^2＋的催化效果较差;过氧化氢催化氧化和臭氧化均导致有机物分子量分布向小分子的方向转移,氧化后水中以羧酸、醇、胺、酯、醚、烷烃为代表的含氧基团和饱和构造基团明显增多;过氧化氢催化氧化和臭氧氧化均有助于改善混凝处理和活性炭吸附处理的效果．关键词腐植酸,臭氧,过氧化氢,催化氧化．     

食品废弃物厌氧消化产乙酸的研究

通过实验,研究了pH、总固体浓度(TS)、碳氮比(C/N)对食品废弃物厌氧消化产乙酸的影响,详细考察了挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的组成和浓度及乙酸浓度随时间的变化规律.结果表明,pH为6.5、TS为7%(质量分数)、C/N为16:1时,总VFA的最大质量浓度为31.56 g/L,乙酸的最大质量浓度为19.46 g/L.     

Prenatal diagnosis of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency in chorionic villi: a novel approach

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency, the most common autosomal recessive inherited disease of the mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) β-oxidation, may result in three distinct clinical phenotypes, namely, a mild adult muscular form, a severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular disease, and a neonatal form, which includes dysmorphic features in addition to hepatocardiomuscular symptoms. Both the latter forms are life-threatening diseases, and prenatal diagnosis (PND) can be offered to couples at a one-fourth risk of having an affected child. PND of CPT2 deficiency hitherto relied mostly on mutation detection from fresh chorionic villi (10 weeks' gestation), since CPT2 activity could be assayed on cultured amniocytes only (16–17 weeks' gestation). We devised a CPT2 activity assay from 10 mg of chorionic villi sampling (CVS). Combining this enzymatic assay to haplotype study using polymorphic markers linked to the CPT2 gene, we were able to carry out within 2 days, CPT2 deficiency PND, in two unrelated families, using a CVS performed at the 11th week of gestation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of TCDD and TCDF on the ppq-level in milk and food sources

Analysis of 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF on the ppq-level in foods with high fat content is described. The migration over twelve days of 2378-TCDD, 2378-TCDF and 1278-TCDF from bleached paperboard cartons into whole milk was found to be exponential with time. A survey of selected fatty foods shows the presence of 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF in foodstuff.     

不同pH值下有机酸碱对发光菌的急性毒性

测定了33种有机酸碱化合物在不同pHT(5．0、7．0、9．0)对发光菌的急性毒性(半数发光抑制浓度，15min-EC50。)。结果表明，胺类化合物对发光菌的毒性随pH的升高而增大；酚类和苯甲酸类的毒性随pH的升高而减小，这与不同pH下有机酸碱的电离程度有关。有机酸碱的生物毒性主要是由分子态引起，但离子态作用不可忽略。相同pH下，有机酸碱的生物毒性随取代基团的种类、个数及取代位置而不同。并在此基础上初步探讨了有机酸碱的毒性机制。     

几种氯代苯甲酸的生物可降解性及其动力学

2 ,4-二氯苯甲酸、4-氯苯甲酸、3-氯苯甲酸、2 -氯苯甲酸经过污泥的驯化作用可以达到降解 ,但是不同的接种污泥对相同的底物达到同样的降解效果所需的驯化时间不同 ,经 9d驯化的膜生物反应器中的污泥即具有经 2 8d驯化的一般活性污泥相当的降解活性 ,但 4种氯代苯甲酸的生物可降解性次序是一定的 :2 ,4-二氯苯甲酸 >4-氯苯甲酸 >3-氯苯甲酸 >2 -氯苯甲酸 ,不随污泥的驯化期及接种污泥而改变 .降解动力学研究表明 ,这 4种氯代苯甲酸在不同的污泥驯化期其降解动力学模式不同 ,在驯化初期底物的降解符合零级反应 ,在驯化后期符合一级反应 .     

提高石油酸质量的新工艺

利用脱油器对直馏柴油碱渣进行深度脱油处理，改善了石油酸生产过程中脱油困难的问题，提高了石油酸产品质量，对采用脱油器后操作条件的变化进行了讨论，对影响脱油材料寿命的原因进行了分析，生产实践表明，该方法简单，实用，经济效益高。     

二氧化硫对作物游离氨基酸浓度的作用

观察了四种作物接触二氧化硫后游离氨基酸,特别是十种昆虫必需氨基酸含量的变化.二氧化硫引起油菜、大豆和小麦叶片中昆虫必需氨基酸浓度明显增加,非必需氨基酸中,增加或减少趋势不一.玉米没有这种反应.二氧化硫熏气的大豆上叶螨生长繁殖快于对照.讨论了植物中氨基酸浓度的增加和大气污染诱发虫害加剧的关系.     

Perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs) in urban surface water of Shijiazhuang,China: Occurrence,distribution,sources and ecological risks

It is extremely important to analyze the contaminative behaviors of Perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs) due to their serious threats to urban environments which are closely related to humans. Current study aimed to explore the distribution, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of PFAAs in surface water from Shijiazhuang, China. The concentrations of ΣPFAAs ranged from 19.5 to 125.9 ng/L in the investigation area. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid(PFBS) and perfluoropentanoic acid(PFPeA) were t...     

Secondary effect of SO_2 pollution: enhanced growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of SO2 pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO2 levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO2 dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO2 pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO2 pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.