安全阀失效模糊综合评价方法的研究

针对安全阀在实际使用过程中的失效涉及诸多因素影响的特点,运用模糊综合评价的数学模型,将安全阀失效的相关影响因素作为因素集,把可能产生故障的元件作为评价集,按照权重的大小对安全阀的故障进行综合评价,以提高维修人员对安全阀故障的判断能力和综合检修能力,达到设备稳定运行的目的。     

压缩天然气(CNG)加气站安全监控系统

根据国家科技攻关课题的研究成果以及国家有关法律法规要求,结合加气站安全生产工作的实际需要,辩识与分析CNG加气站的常见危险有害因素;统计与分析近几年加气站事故;采用事故树法对加气站的火灾爆炸危险进行分析;提出事故预防措施;研究并提出CNG加气站安全监控系统的结构和功能设计方案。CNG加气站安全监控系统在对加气站危险有害因素进行辨识、分析和评估基础上,确定需要进行监测的安全相关信息;通过对加气站运行过程中安全状态信息的智能分析,实现事故预警及联锁控制等功能,控制和消除事故风险,预防重大事故的发生;同时系统可以直接纳入应急指挥平台,为应急救援提供详实而准确的现场信息,服务于事故应急救援的科学决策。     

浅析低瓦斯煤矿瓦斯防治安全评价

笔者结合煤矿安全评价工作的经验,通过运用预先危险分析对低瓦斯煤矿瓦斯防治进行分析,得出瓦斯爆炸是最严重的瓦斯事故。进而通过对瓦斯爆炸的事故树分析,得出了导致瓦斯爆炸的27个基本事件。应用事故树分析中的最小割集、最小径集和结构重要度,对瓦斯爆炸进行了研究。结果表明,瓦斯爆炸不发生所必须的最低限度的基本事件集合即最小径集有6个,其中严格控制瓦斯浓度,杜绝一切火源,是预防煤矿瓦斯爆炸的最重要途径。从源头上防止瓦斯爆炸的发生,提高我国煤矿安全生产水平。     

福州市行道树对交通污染物扩散的影响

选择福州市中心城区3种典型的行道树结构作为研究对象,以CO为交通污染物的示踪气体,分别对绿化带两侧,即道路中央和人行道上CO浓度的时空变化进行了测定,分析了道路中央CO浓度与人行道上CO浓度的差值ΔC。研究结果表明:不同结构的行道树对交通污染物扩散有显著影响。主干道低覆盖度结构,最有利于交通污染物扩散;主干道高覆盖度结构和支路结构,则不利于交通污染物的扩散,使大量污染物涌入人行道,对行人健康构成危害。交通污染物的扩散效果取决于树冠结构,通过对各道路树冠结构的研究发现,疏透度与覆盖度均较小时,扩散效果最好;疏透度较大、覆盖度也较大时,扩散效果最差。     

Foliage profiles of individual trees determine competition,self-thinning,biomass and NPP of a Cryptomeria japonica forest stand: A simulation study based on a stand-scale process-based forest model

A simulation study was carried out to investigate simultaneously the effects of eco-physiological parameters on competitive asymmetry, self-thinning, stand biomass and NPP in a temperate forest using an atmosphere–vegetation dynamics interactive model (MINoSGI). In this study, we selected three eco-physiological relevant parameters as foliage profiles (i.e. vertical distribution of leaf area density) of individual trees (distribution pattern is described by the parameter η), biomass allocation pattern in individual tree growth (χ) and the maximum carboxylation velocity (V_max). The position of the maximal leaf area density shifts upward in the canopy with increasing η. For scenarios with η < 4 (foliage concentrated in the lowest canopy layer) or η > 12 (foliage concentrated in the uppermost canopy layer), a low degree of competitive asymmetry was produced. These scenarios resulted in the survival of subordinate trees due to a brighter lower canopy environment when η < 4 or the generation of spatially separated foliage profiles between dominant and subordinate trees when η > 12. In contrast, competition between trees was most asymmetric when 4 ≤ η ≤ 12 (vertically widespread foliage profile in the canopy), especially when η = 8. In such cases, vertically widespread foliage of dominant trees lowered the opportunity of light acquisition for subordinate trees and reduced their carbon gain. The resulting reduction in carbon gain of subordinate trees yielded a higher degree of competitive asymmetry and ultimately higher mortality of subordinate trees. It was also shown that 4 ≤ η ≤ 12 generated higher self-thinning speed, smaller accumulated NPP, litter-fall and potential stand biomass as compared with the scenarios with η < 4 or η > 12. In contrast, our simulation revealed small effects of χ or V_max on the above-mentioned variables as compared with those of η. In particular, it is notable that greater V_max would not produce greater potential stand biomass and accumulated NPP although it has been thought that physiological parameters relevant to photosynthesis such as V_max influence dynamic changes in forest stand biomass and NPP (e.g. the greater the V_max, the greater the NPP). Overall, it is suggested that foliage profiles rather than biomass allocation or maximum carboxylation velocity greatly govern forest dynamics, stand biomass, NPP and litter-fall.     

烧香河断裂人工地震资料研究

研究了烧香河断裂附近的浅层人工地震资料，并结合其他有关资料，认为该断裂南部为中生代沉积盆地构造。同时，提出了烧香河断裂在新大地构造分区中的重要意义。     

交通污染区城市绿化植物硫含量分布

为探讨城市绿化植物对交通环境中SO2的响应，以远离城市道路的相对清洁区公园生长的植物为对照植物，采集了广东省被广泛栽种的18种园林绿化植物的不同方位的叶片和树皮样品，用硫酸钡比浊法测定了每种植物样品在交通污染区面向机动车行驶方向、面向人行道方向及相对清洁区的植物样品等不同方位的植物叶片和树皮硫含量，分析了绿化植物在同一株植物的不同生长部位和不同环境中硫含量的分布特征。结果表明，交通污染区所有样品的叶片硫和树皮硫含量均高于相对清洁区的样品。其中，远离工厂的交通污染区生长的同一株植物，离机动车道越近，硫含量越高；靠近工厂的交通污染区的同一植物，离工厂近的部位的植物树皮硫含量高于面向机动车道一侧的植物硫含量。     

Chirp浅剖仪在水域地质调查中的应用

基于线性调频技术的Chirp声学浅剖仪系统,较好地解决了探测深度以及分辨率这两个最令人关心但又互为矛盾的问题。该浅剖仪系统主要由导航系统、信号控制系统、信号发射系统、信号接受系统以及测深系统等5部分组成,理论上,其纵向地层分辨率为十几厘米左右,最大探测深度在百米左右,具体视地层以及水质等条件而定。考虑到该系统的特殊性和复杂性,对其关键操作进行了较为详细的描述。最后介绍了该系统在活断层调查、管线走向调查以及水底抛石调查等不同类型水域岩土工程勘察中的成功应用,表明其具有良好的应用前景。     

The Distribution of Tree Species in the Ridge Landscape (Southern Karelia)

The distribution of tree species in the landscape was studied using the approach based on the comparison of the ecological requirements of species and the properties of ecotopes distinguished by their position in the relief and peculiarities of basement rocks. The types and specificity of ecological regimes were determined for the typical ecotopes of the southern Karelian ridge landscape. The main environmental and successional factors determining the distribution of seven forest-forming tree species in the ecotopes of this landscape were identified. The results of this work can provide a basis for the prognosis of forest vegetation in the landscape studied.