波流式生态滤床氨氮去除效果及其微生物群落结构分析

利用波流式生态滤床处理受污染的河水,考察了其对氨氮的去除效果和沿程污染物转化情况,并采用扫描电镜、高通量测序手段解析了波流式生态滤床不同时间和位置基质上生物膜的细菌群落组成,分析了波流式生态滤床小试反应器中硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的分布特点,以探讨其去除氨氮的机理.结果表明,反应器稳定运行以后,对氨氮平均去除率为74.83%,基质表面可以观察到大量微生物,不同时期优势细菌有较大不同.反应器前部主要发挥硝化作用,中部发挥反硝化作用,硝化菌的分布呈现上多下少、前多后少的特点,使得氨氮在前端被快速去除;中部以黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)为代表的反硝化菌丰度较高,促进了反硝化作用的发挥,降低了出水中总氮浓度;不同部位样品中细菌多样性差别不大,微生物种群多样性随着水流方向呈现先增加,到后段减少的趋势.     

佛山地区干季边界层垂直风温结构对空气质量的影响

利用佛山地区2013年12月大气边界层观测试验得到的垂直风温资料和相应逐日AQI资料、逐时PM_(2.5)浓度资料,研究了佛山地区大气边界层垂直风温结构对空气质量的影响.结果表明:佛山地区干季持续存在的逆温结构是导致PM_(2.5)污染较重的重要原因.干季污染日近60%的最低逆温层高度低于1000 m,而非污染日低于1000 m的最低逆温层仅占36%,污染日佛山贴地逆温频率高达31.2%.逆温层出现高度较低,将污染物压缩积累在贴地层大气中导致污染较重.在大陆冷高压控制下,佛山地区的边界层结构演化非常典型,最大边界层高度和最大边界层通风量表现出了显著相关,污染日日平均边界层高度始终维持在较低的水平,多数时候不足500 m,最大边界层高度则大部分小于1000 m,日平均边界层通风量主要分布在500~1500 m~2·s~(-1)之间,在极端情况下甚至不足300 m~2·s~(-1),最大边界层通风量大部分处于1500~5000 m~2·s~(-1)之间,导致污染物始终聚集在较低的大气边界层内,使得PM_(2.5)浓度长时间维持在较高的污染水平.佛山地区风场存在显著的3层结构,较小的底层风速意味着大气的输送和扩散能力较弱,高度较低的中层使得污染物进一步被压缩累积在大气底层,垂直风场的不稳定性使得污染日佛山地区局地回流活跃,回流(RF)指数极小值多分布在0.2~0.4之间,污染日RF指数普遍小于非污染日,垂直风场的有效输送能力被显著削弱.     

软弱结构面水流冲刷形成集中渗漏通道机制研究

软弱结构面塑性程度高、强度低,在地下水长期作用下,很易导致岩体产生变形、形成集中渗漏通道及渗透破坏.软弱结构面的渗透稳定性,一直是水利水电工程的重要工程地质及水文地质问题之一,目前对其渗透破坏机理的认识还存在不少尚未解决的问题.针对已有对基岩软弱结构形成集中渗漏通道研究的不足,本文在软弱结构面内讨论渗透变形问题,主要探...     

建筑抗震设计地震作用折减系数的取值方法

地震作用折减系数在建筑抗震设计中是政策性、技术性和经济性的综合指标。本文以钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,从技术上介绍了地震作用折减系数的确定原则。在简要介绍我国建筑抗震设计规范设计地震作用—延性等级组合运用中存在不足的基础上,论述了地震作用折减系数三个分量的基本特点,并分四个步骤介绍了其计算取值方法。推荐方法可为建筑抗震设计确定合理的地震作用折减系数提供有益的参考。     

二维相关地震动作用下结构的随机反应

假定两水平方向的地震动为平稳随机过程,基于地震动主轴模型的假设,讨论了二维地震动分量的空间相关性,在单分量平稳模型的基础上给出了二维水平地震动随机模型的相关函数矩阵。该相关函数模型可以为二维地震下结构随机反应分析提供地震动输入。利用状态空间方法和随机振动理论建立了线性多自由度体系在二维地震激励下的随机反应分析方法,导出了结构的位移反应相关函数和速度反应相关函数,可在时域内直接计算结构的二维随机地震反应的统计特征。最后,通过一个二层框架结构计算实例,说明了这种方法的运用,讨论了地震动强度以及地震动主轴方位角对结构反应的影响。该方法可以为结构抗震可靠性评估提供基础。     

千岛湖水源水微生物安全性评价

千岛湖作为国家战略水源地,其微生物安全直接关系到千万居民的用水安全.为了研究千岛湖湖水的生物安全性,于2018-2019年采集了金竹牌取水口不同深度的水样,并检测了水样的可生物降解溶解性有机碳(BDOC)、细菌再生长的潜力(BGP)、可培养细菌数、潜在的条件致病菌和细菌群落结构.结果显示,千岛湖水质属地表水Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水,...     

火灾高温下CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁温度场分析

综合国外CFRP加固混凝土结构抗火试验相关研究,总结了CFRP的高温热工性能参数。用ANSYS软件对火灾高温下不同情况(无防火保护层和有防火保护层)和不同工况(防火涂料涂抹形式)下CFRP加固后的钢筋混凝土梁进行了温度场数值模拟研究。结果表明,防火涂料厚40 mm时,梁耐火极限可达2.5小时以上,且底面和两侧面全面涂抹防火涂料的防火效果最好。本文研究有助于进一步深入认识CFRP加固钢筋混凝土结构在高温下的力学性能和耐火极限,且对CFRP加固后的结构防火设计具有一定的指导意义。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Structure Change in a Rural Region of China

As the embodiment of human activities, the change of regional industrial structure is an essential driving factor of global environmental change. Consequently, the research on the change of regional industrial structure and associated effects on the environment is one of the key issues of researches on sustainable development, human–environment relationship, and regional response to global environment change. However, compared to the flourish of researches on environmental impact assessment of industrial departments, few studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of regional industrial structure. In this study, based on a synthetic analysis of environmental disturbances of different industrial departments, the environmental impact coefficient of industrial department associated with the index of environmental impact of industrial structure was constructed, so as to make a quantitative assessment of environmental impact of the change of regional industrial structure. And the results of the case study in Lijiang City, a rural region of China, have showed that there are two obvious changes of industrial structure in the study area from 1992 to 2003, associated with a continuous decreasing of the index of environmental impact of industrial structure, which indicated a positive environmental effects of the change of regional industrial structure.     

Chemical composition of the slippery epicuticular wax blooms on Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) ant-plants

Summary. The stems of many Macaranga ant-plants (Euphorbiaceae) are covered by epicuticular wax crystals rendering the surface very slippery for most insects. These wax blooms act as selective barriers protecting the symbiotic ant partners, which are specialized “wax-runners”, against the competition of other ants. Glaucous stems occur almost exclusively among the ant-plants of the genus Macaranga (). We analyzed the cuticular lipids of 16 Macaranga species by GC-MS and investigated the wax crystal morphology using SEM. Presence of crystalline wax blooms was strongly correlated with high concentrations (52%–88%) of triterpenoids. In contrast epicuticular waxes of glossy Macaranga surfaces contained only 0% to 36% of these dominant components. Therefore we conclude that triterpenoids are responsible for the formation of the thread-like Macaranga wax crystals. In all Macaranga ant-plants investigated, the principal components were epitaraxerol and taraxerone accompanied by smaller portions of taraxerol, β-amyrin and friedelin. Only in the case of the non-myrmecophytic M. tanarius did β-amyrin predominate. Moreover, we found that only in M. tanarius, the dense wax crystal lacework is torn into large mosaic-like pieces in the course of secondary stem diameter growth. Both chemical and macroscopic differences may contribute to a reduced slipperiness of M. tanarius stems and appear to be functionally important. The distribution of wax crystals and their composition amongst different sections of the genus suggests that glaucousness is a polyphyletic character within Macaranga. Received 7 October 1999; accepted 3 December 1999     

玉兰油细胞的发育及其与器官结构发育的关系

利用石蜡切片法及半薄切片法对玉兰茎、叶、花和种子中油细胞的发育进行了研究,结果表明：在所研究的各器官中油细胞以相同的方式发生。油细胞原始细胞因其细胞质染色较深、细胞核大明显及液泡化程度低而易与周围组织细胞分辨,以后,原始细胞逐渐液泡化,最终形成一个中央大液泡,其细胞质及细胞核呈一薄层,当油细胞成熟时,其细胞质和细胞核解体,而大液泡充满整个油细胞腔,成为储油的囊,在一些油细胞中,可观察到怀形构造,但