BP网络应用于大气环境监测点的优选

为了对大气环境监测点进行优化选择 ,以大气质量分级标准为训练样本 ,构造BP网络进行训练 ,用训练好的BP网络对某地的大气环境监测采样点进行了优选 ,并与物元分析法优选结果进行比较。结果表明 ,BP网络用于环境测点优选具有较好的客观性和应用性     

基于神经网络的压铸合金选择

在归纳总结压铸合金选择经验和知识的基础上 ,对压铸合金性能进行评价。采用BP神经网络方法建立了快捷的压铸合金材料选择系统 ,提出了一种将模糊化性能要求量化 ,增加训练样本集的方法。     

略论与电除尘器设计有关的几个问题

作者根据多年从事电除尘器工作的经验，提出了在设计、制造和调试中应充分考虑的诸如原始条件、设备参数选择、结构设计等影响电除尘器性能的各种因素，并从理论上进行分析和论证，以期通过讨论寻求最佳的设计方案和实践效果。     

广西南部三叠纪强过铝质火成岩岩石化学特征的动力学意义

为深化对广西南部地区印支期造山运动深部动力学机制的理解,采用该地区三叠纪强过铝质火成岩的岩石化学数据提取其源区熔融温度以及成分特征方面的信息。结果显示:广西南部三叠纪强过铝质火成岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,形成于印支期后碰撞构造背景中。它们的Al2O3/TiO2小于100,CaO/Na2O多数大于0 3、少数小于0 3。同时,这些强过铝质火成岩的Al2O3/TiO2与其SiO2含量有正相关趋势,而CaO/Na2O与SiO2含量呈明显的负相关关系。这些岩石化学特征表明,强过铝质火成岩部分源于泥质岩的部分熔融,部分源于砂岩或正变质岩的部分熔融,但不排除后者可能是泥质岩部分熔融产物和玄武质岩浆相混合的结果;同时这些强过铝质火成岩形成源区的温度高(>=875℃)。因此,广西南部三叠纪时期的深部能量来自以底侵玄武岩浆加热作用所体现出来的软流圈地幔的平流热传递过程。     

制造抽油机驱动绳工艺探讨

着重介绍了冷挤压技术在制造抽油机驱动绳中的应用方法。同时解决了抽油机驱动绳不能同时受力 ;钢丝绳因加热而产生的局部材料内部组织变化造成驱动绳断裂等关键问题。     

云南金鼎锌业有限公司新建项目选址评价

介绍了云南金鼎锌业有限公司新建项目选址周围地区环境概况和项目排污简况,从规划、对周围环境的影响、卫生防护距离设置、公众参与调查方面分析了选址的可行性,认为该项目选址可行。     

基于特征和知识的自由锻CAPP系统

建立了基于特征和知识的自由锻CAPP系统模型 ,论述了特征、基于知识的工艺决策等有关问题。通过总结几年来开发该系统的经验 ,从系统原理、专家系统等方面探讨了该系统的开发研制 ,并简单介绍了该系统的主要功能和特色     

北武夷下汪家铜多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

下汪家铜多金属矿床形成于燕山晚期，成矿流体主要来自岩浆期后热液，断裂和岩浆岩是两大重要的成矿条件。控矿构造为北北东向断裂。成矿流体和主要矿质均源于地球深部，以上地幔或壳幔混合带为主，与燕山晚期富碱岩浆活动密切相关。下汪家铜多金属矿床成因上的分析，对该区下一步的找矿工作具有指导意义。     

多级A/O工艺在国内的应用现状

多级A/O工艺目前在国内市政和部分工业污水处理领域应用较多,具有预处理和污泥处理系统简单,污泥负荷低、处理效果好且稳定,投资低,曝气系统效率高、运行成本较低,维护管理简便等特点,但是在实际运行中也发现存在一些问题,如土池结构不适合地下水位高的地区的局限性,沉淀池效果较差、稳定池多余占地且污泥淤积难以清除,关键设备国产质量有待提高,工业污水处理少数水质指标偏高,需要设计人员选择适合其条件的场合应用,并进一步总结、改进和完善.     

The superseded female's dilemma: ultimate and proximate factors that influence guarding behaviour of the carpenter bee Xylocopa pubescens

Both solitary and primitively social nests of the facultatively social carpenter bee Xylocopa pubescens can be found throughout most of the breeding season. In social nests there is reproductive division of labour between a dominant forager and a guarding female. Two types of guarding females can be discerned: the young pre-reproductive guards, and older, formerly reproductive guards. The latter type of guard is found when, after a take-over of reproductive dominance either by a nestmate (mostly a daughter) or an intruder, the defeated female stays in the nest instead of leaving to try and found or usurp another nest. She is then manipulated into the role of a guard. The dominant female profits from the presence of the guard since she protects the nest against pollen robbery by conspecifics (Hogendoorn and Velthuis 1993). We have studied why superseded females might prefer to remain as a guard, rather than try their luck somewhere else. The hypotheses investigated pertain to (1) the difficulty for the defeated female of finding a new nest and of restarting reproductive activities due to (a) ecological constraints (nest and pollen shortage) and (b) the effect of age and wear on the defeated female; (2) the effects of guarding in terms of inclusive fitness. We found that superseded females remained as guards significantly more often when a nestmate (not necessarily close kin) took over reproductive dominance than when an intruder did so. Other factors associated with the decision of the defeated female to stay or leave were her age and the number of her own young still present after the supersedure. The probability of finding or constructing a new nest was lower for old than for young females. After finding a nest, old females produced less brood than young foundresses. As a result of these two factors old superseded females gained, in terms of inclusive fitness, by staying as guards, whereas young females profited from leaving the nest. We interpret these results as an indication that guarding behaviour has evolved due to kin selection. However, kin discrimination apparently did not occur. Therefore we conclude that in this species kin selection is not, in the proximate frame of reference, based on kin recognition and preference for helping kin. Correspondence to: K. Hogendoorn