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91.
The objective of the present research is to compare fecal coliform removal from two different sand column systems treating septic tank effluent over a range of hydraulic loading rates. Drain time measurements were performed to compare the hydraulic characteristic of the column systems at different hydraulic loading rates. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH were also measured for the septic tank effluent. A removal of the order of 99% for fecal coliform, TSS, and BOD in column effluent was achieved using the sand filter columns. The ‘break‐in’ period for determining the effectiveness of the sand filter columns is also discussed. 相似文献
92.
饮用水病原微生物污染是公共卫生面临的主要威胁之一,微生物监测在水质监测中的必要性日益受到人们的认可。在实际工作中,一般是通过检测指示微生物间接反映病原微生物的存在。通过调研国内外各组织、机构颁布的水质标准发现,近年来,我国环境质量标准和污染物排放标准中对于指示微生物的选择有从总大肠菌群向粪大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌(E.coli)转变的趋势,而美国环保署、欧盟、世界卫生组织、澳大利亚国家健康与医疗研究委员会等根据最新的流行病学证据,强调了大肠埃希氏菌(E.coli)、肠球菌(Enterococci)与粪便污染的相关性更强,可用于替代大肠菌群。建议我国在后续水质标准中对微生物指标进行增补修订时,参考国外经验,形成集成多种指示微生物与多种特定病原体的监测指标体系,以更好地保护环境功能和民众健康。 相似文献
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94.
Ross C. Beier Robin C. Anderson Nathan A. Krueger Thomas S. Edrington Todd R. Callaway David J. Nisbet 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):613-620
Indole and 3-methylindole (skatole) are odor pollutants in livestock waste, and skatole is a major component of boar taint. Skatole causes pulmonary edema and emphysema in ruminants and causes damage to lung Clara cells in animals and humans. A gas chromatographic method that originally used a nitrogen–phosphorus detector to increase sensitivity was modified resulting in an improved flame ionization detection response for indole and skatole of 236% and 207%, respectively. The improved method eliminates the large amount of indole decomposition in the injector. A 10 μ g mL–1 spike of indole and skatole in water and swine fecal slurries resulted in recovery of 78.5% and 96% in water and 76.1% and 85.8% in fecal slurries, respectively. The effect of the addition of nitroethane and nitroethanol at 21.8 mM in swine fecal slurries was studied on the microbial production of indole and skatole. Nitroethane and nitroethanol decreased the production of skatole in swine fecal slurries at 24 h. The nitroethane effect on l-tryptophan-supplemented fecal slurries after 6 and 24 h incubation resulted in a decrease of 69.0% (P = 0.02) and 23.5% skatole production, respectively, and a decrease of 14.9% indole at 6 h, but an increase in indole production of 81.1% at 24 h. 相似文献
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97.
Faecal coliform (FC) levels in surface water and clams (Ruditapes decussatus) and variations in environmental parameters were studied in two bivalve harvesting areas in the Alvor lagoon (southern Portugal).
Land use and cover characteristics in adjacent subwatersheds were also analysed to assess their contributions as sources of
faecal contamination. High FC levels in clams from the harvesting area in the most urbanized subwatershed (impervious surface
coverage ≈ 10.5%) were positively associated with rainfall and with the cooler periods of the year. FC levels in clams from
the least urbanized subwatershed were generally very low and did not present any detectable seasonal trend. From these results,
it was concluded that the periodic deterioration of the microbiological quality of clams derives from the cumulative impact
of the reservoir of faecal contamination created in urbanized areas, entering into the lagoon during storm water runoff. 相似文献
98.
岩溶地下水的微生物污染日益严重,其来源的研究得到国际学术界的广泛关注.本研究以重庆南山老龙洞岩溶地下河系统为对象,采用滤膜法监测地下水中的总细菌、大肠杆菌、粪大肠菌及粪链球菌等微生物指标,以拟杆菌(Bacteriodes)为指示细菌,采用PCR-DGGE示踪地下水中大肠杆菌/粪大肠杆菌的来源.结果表明,老龙洞地下河流域各类细菌含量严重超标,总细菌数为10~2.9×10~7CFU·m L~(-1),大肠菌群总数达4.3~4.0×10~5CFU·m L~(-1),其中粪大肠菌群(FC)和粪链球菌(FS)分别最高达到1.1×10~6CFU·(100 m L)~(-1)、1.1×10~5CFU·(100 m L)~(-1);FC/FS多数为2以上,暗示流域地下水受人类粪便影响为主.地下水样和粪便样品的拟杆菌群落的PCR-DGGE比对分析表明地下水与人粪之间相似性为7.1%~69.1%,其中地下河出口处达到69.1%.地下水与猪粪之间相似性为1.1%~53.4%,地下河出口处仅为1.5%.因此,人类粪便为地下河污染的主要来源,猪粪污染为动物粪便污染的一部分,还存在其他动物粪便污染来源.此外,PCR-DGGE产物切胶测序发现大部分Bacteroides为人类肠道或粪便来源的细菌. 相似文献
99.
镁盐对高速铁路列车粪便污水中磷回收的响应面法优化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过响应面Box-Behnken实验设计,对镁盐回收高速铁路列车(高铁)粪便污水中磷进行优化研究,并对回收的产物进行分析.考察了p H值(8~10)、镁磷元素物质的量比(2~6)、反应时间(5~25 min)和温度(5~25℃)等条件对磷回收率的影响.结果表明,镁盐回收高铁粪便污水中磷的最优参数为:p H为9.5,镁磷元素物质的量比为5.7、反应时间为6.4 min、温度为5.0℃,磷的回收率响应值可达到95.3%.傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析回收产物,表明主要的物质为磷酸铵镁,可能存在一定磷酸镁.能量弥散X射线(EDAX)分析回收产物,得到物质中磷元素的质量分数为17.1%.研究结果表明,运用镁盐从高铁粪便污水回收磷是可行的,具有一定的参考和借鉴意义. 相似文献
100.
Treatment of turtle-breeding wastewater and domestic fecal sewage with soil cultivating system 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LAO Shan-gen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2001,13(3):342-345
IntroductionLandtreatmentsystemfortreatingmunicipalsewagehasbeenfairlydevelopedathomeandabroad ,whichisalowcostandhighefficiencysewagetreatmentmethodoncertainconditions.InthepastafewyearsartificialaquaticproductsbreedingindustryhadrapiddevelopedinChin… 相似文献